Symptoms of emotional difficulties and hyperactivity/inattention among children during the COVID-19 epidemic and associated lockdown: data from the SAPRIS project

ABSTRACT

Background COVID-19 limitation strategies led to widespread school closures around the world. The present study aims to provide a description of children's mental health and associated factors during the COVID-19 school closure in France. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in the SAPRIS study during the COVID-19 pandemic in France, relying on 2 ongoing national birth cohorts, ELFE and EPIPAGE 2. Using weighted multinomial logistic regression models, we estimated associations between children's mental health (i.e., hyperactivity/inattention and emotional symptoms;assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire), children's health behaviors, schooling, as well as sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics of children family. Results The sample consisted of 5702 children aged 8 - 9 years and 49.3% girls. Sleep disturbance and parents' dominant socio-professional category were associated with both hyperactivity-inattention (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR)=2.10 95%Confidence Interval [1.85-2.38];aOR=0.45 [0.33-0.61] respectively) and emotional symptoms and (aOR=6.33 [5.26-7.63];aOR=0.62 [0.39-0.98] respectively). Specifically associated with hyperactivity/inattention were male sex (aOR=2.51 [2.24-2.82]), presence of regular care and its pursuit during school closure (aOR=1.69 [1.33-2.15]), emotional symptoms (aOR=2.74 [2.23-3.37]), school situation (aOR=2.19 [1.69-2.82]), presence of tutoring and difficulties with it (aOR=2.56 [2.13-3.08]), type of housing (aOR=0.79 [0.70-0.89]). Factors associated with emotional symptoms were presence of covid cases in the household (aOR=2.33 [1.92-2.82]), hyperactivity/inattention (aOR=2.94 [2.45-3.52]) and financial difficulties (aOR=1.71 [1.39-2.11]). Conclusions Policy makers need to balance pros and cons of closing schools, taking into consideration educational and psychological consequences for children and the various factors associated with mental health.