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Immunogenicity of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.
Arroyo-Sánchez, Daniel; Cabrera-Marante, Oscar; Laguna-Goya, Rocío; Almendro-Vázquez, Patricia; Carretero, Octavio; Gil-Etayo, Francisco Javier; Suàrez-Fernández, Patricia; Pérez-Romero, Pilar; Rodríguez de Frías, Edgard; Serrano, Antonio; Allende, Luis M; Pleguezuelo, Daniel; Paz-Artal, Estela.
  • Arroyo-Sánchez D; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
  • Cabrera-Marante O; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
  • Laguna-Goya R; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. oscar.cabrera@salud.madrid.org.
  • Almendro-Vázquez P; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain. oscar.cabrera@salud.madrid.org.
  • Carretero O; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
  • Gil-Etayo FJ; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
  • Suàrez-Fernández P; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
  • Pérez-Romero P; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
  • Rodríguez de Frías E; National Center for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
  • Serrano A; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
  • Allende LM; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
  • Pleguezuelo D; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
  • Paz-Artal E; Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
J Clin Immunol ; 42(2): 240-252, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1520401
ABSTRACT
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia and/or a defective antibody response to T-dependent and T-independent antigens. CVID response to immunization depends on the antigen type, the vaccine mechanism, and the specific patient immune defect. In CVID patients, humoral and cellular responses to the currently used COVID-19 vaccines remain unexplored. Eighteen CVID subjects receiving 2-dose anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were prospectively studied. S1-antibodies and S1-specific IFN-γ T cell response were determined by ELISA and FluoroSpot, respectively. The immune response was measured before the administration and after each dose of the vaccine, and it was compared to the response of 50 healthy controls (HC). The development of humoral and cellular responses was slower in CVID patients compared with HC. After completing vaccination, 83% of CVID patients had S1-specific antibodies and 83% had S1-specific T cells compared with 100% and 98% of HC (p = 0.014 and p = 0.062, respectively), but neutralizing antibodies were detected only in 50% of the patients. The strength of both humoral and cellular responses was significantly lower in CVID compared with HC, after the first and second doses of the vaccine. Absent or discordant humoral and cellular responses were associated with previous history of autoimmunity and/or lymphoproliferation. Among the three patients lacking humoral response, two had received recent therapy with anti-B cell antibodies. Further studies are needed to understand if the response to COVID-19 vaccination in CVID patients is protective enough. The 2-dose vaccine schedule and possibly a third dose might be especially necessary to achieve full immune response in these patients.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Common Variable Immunodeficiency / Immunogenicity, Vaccine / COVID-19 Vaccines / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Language: English Journal: J Clin Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S10875-021-01174-5

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Common Variable Immunodeficiency / Immunogenicity, Vaccine / COVID-19 Vaccines / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Language: English Journal: J Clin Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S10875-021-01174-5