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COVID-19 Mechanisms in the Human Body-What We Know So Far.
Kumar, Ashutosh; Narayan, Ravi K; Prasoon, Pranav; Kumari, Chiman; Kaur, Gurjot; Kumar, Santosh; Kulandhasamy, Maheswari; Sesham, Kishore; Pareek, Vikas; Faiq, Muneeb A; Pandey, Sada N; Singh, Himanshu N; Kant, Kamla; Shekhawat, Prakash S; Raza, Khursheed; Kumar, Sujeet.
  • Kumar A; Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India.
  • Narayan RK; Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India.
  • Prasoon P; Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India.
  • Kumari C; Department of Anatomy, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, India.
  • Kaur G; Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India.
  • Kumar S; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
  • Kulandhasamy M; Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India.
  • Sesham K; Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.
  • Pareek V; Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India.
  • Faiq MA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, India.
  • Pandey SN; Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India.
  • Singh HN; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
  • Kant K; Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India.
  • Shekhawat PS; Department of Biochemistry, Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), New Delhi, India.
  • Raza K; Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India.
  • Kumar S; Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Mangalagiri, Vijayawada, India.
Front Immunol ; 12: 693938, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1523694
ABSTRACT
More than one and a half years have elapsed since the commencement of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and the world is struggling to contain it. Being caused by a previously unknown virus, in the initial period, there had been an extreme paucity of knowledge about the disease mechanisms, which hampered preventive and therapeutic measures against COVID-19. In an endeavor to understand the pathogenic mechanisms, extensive experimental studies have been conducted across the globe involving cell culture-based experiments, human tissue organoids, and animal models, targeted to various aspects of the disease, viz., viral properties, tissue tropism and organ-specific pathogenesis, involvement of physiological systems, and the human immune response against the infection. The vastly accumulated scientific knowledge on all aspects of COVID-19 has currently changed the scenario from great despair to hope. Even though spectacular progress has been made in all of these aspects, multiple knowledge gaps are remaining that need to be addressed in future studies. Moreover, multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have emerged across the globe since the onset of the first COVID-19 wave, with seemingly greater transmissibility/virulence and immune escape capabilities than the wild-type strain. In this review, we narrate the progress made since the commencement of the pandemic regarding the knowledge on COVID-19 mechanisms in the human body, including virus-host interactions, pulmonary and other systemic manifestations, immunological dysregulations, complications, host-specific vulnerability, and long-term health consequences in the survivors. Additionally, we provide a brief review of the current evidence explaining molecular mechanisms imparting greater transmissibility and virulence and immune escape capabilities to the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Host Microbial Interactions / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Variants Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2021.693938

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Host Microbial Interactions / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Variants Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2021.693938