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Persistence of the Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on Sleep: A Longitudinal Study.
Gorgoni, Maurizio; Scarpelli, Serena; Mangiaruga, Anastasia; Alfonsi, Valentina; Bonsignore, Maria R; Fanfulla, Francesco; Ferini-Strambi, Luigi; Nobili, Lino; Plazzi, Giuseppe; De Gennaro, Luigi.
  • Gorgoni M; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
  • Scarpelli S; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
  • Mangiaruga A; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
  • Alfonsi V; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
  • Bonsignore MR; PROMISE Department, University of Palermo, and IRIB-CNR, 90127 Palermo, Italy.
  • Fanfulla F; Sleep Medicine Unit, Clinical and Scientific Maugeri Institutes, Scientific Institute of Pavia, IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
  • Ferini-Strambi L; Sleep Disorders Center, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20127 Milan, Italy.
  • Nobili L; Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
  • Plazzi G; Department of Medical and Surgical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy.
  • De Gennaro L; Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy.
  • On Behalf Of The Board Of The Italian Association Of Sleep Medicine Aims; IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
Brain Sci ; 11(11)2021 Nov 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1523871
ABSTRACT
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep have been widely documented, but longitudinal evaluations during different phases of the "COVID-19 era" are needed to disentangle the specific consequences of the r145estrictive measures on sleep variables. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate effect of the lockdown's end on sleep and sleep-related dimensions in an Italian sample, also considering the stress and depressive symptoms. We used an online survey to longitudinally collect data on sociodemographic, environmental, clinical, sleep, and sleep-related variables in two time points during and immediately after the lockdown. The final sample included 102 participants. The large prevalence of poor sleep quality, clinically relevant pre-sleep arousal, and depressive symptoms, as well as poor sleep quality and pre-sleep arousal score observed during the lockdown, remained stable after its end. On the other hand, the prevalence of moderate-to-severe event-related stress and intrusive symptom scores exhibited a drastic reduction after the end of home confinement. Both bedtime and rise time were anticipated after the lockdown, while sleep quality exhibited only a trend of post-lockdown sleep disturbance reduction. Our findings point to a reduced stress level (specific for the intrusive symptomatology) after the end of the lockdown and persistence of sleep problems, suggesting two non-mutually exclusive hypotheses (a) the strict restrictive measures are not the main cause of sleep problems during the pandemic and (b) home confinement induces long-lasting effects on sleep observable after its end, and a longer period of time might be needed to observe an improvement.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Brainsci11111520

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Brainsci11111520