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The Renin-Angiotensin System: A Key Role in SARS-CoV-2-Induced COVID-19.
El-Arif, George; Farhat, Antonella; Khazaal, Shaymaa; Annweiler, Cédric; Kovacic, Hervé; Wu, Yingliang; Cao, Zhijian; Fajloun, Ziad; Khattar, Ziad Abi; Sabatier, Jean Marc.
  • El-Arif G; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 2, Campus Fanar, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon.
  • Farhat A; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 2, Campus Fanar, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon.
  • Khazaal S; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon.
  • Annweiler C; Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, University Hospital, Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire, LPPL EA 4638, SFR Confluences, University of Angers, 44312 Angers, France.
  • Kovacic H; Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, INP, 13385 Marseille, France.
  • Wu Y; Modern Virology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
  • Cao Z; Modern Virology Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
  • Fajloun Z; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 3, Campus Michel Slayman Ras Maska, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1352, Lebanon.
  • Khattar ZA; Azm Center for Research in Biotechnology and Its Applications, Laboratory of Applied Biotechnology (LBA3B), EDST, Lebanese University, Tripoli 1300, Lebanon.
  • Sabatier JM; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences 2, Campus Fanar, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El-Matn 1202, Lebanon.
Molecules ; 26(22)2021 Nov 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1524085
ABSTRACT
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Eastern Asia (Wuhan, China) in December 2019. The virus then spread to Europe and across all continents where it has led to higher mortality and morbidity, and was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Recently, different vaccines have been produced and seem to be more or less effective in protecting from COVID-19. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS), an essential enzymatic cascade involved in maintaining blood pressure and electrolyte balance, is involved in the pathogenicity of COVID-19, since the angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) acts as the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in many human tissues and organs. In fact, the viral entrance promotes a downregulation of ACE2 followed by RAS balance dysregulation and an overactivation of the angiotensin II (Ang II)-angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) axis, which is characterized by a strong vasoconstriction and the induction of the profibrotic, proapoptotic and proinflammatory signalizations in the lungs and other organs. This mechanism features a massive cytokine storm, hypercoagulation, an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and subsequent multiple organ damage. While all individuals are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, the disease outcome and severity differ among people and countries and depend on a dual interaction between the virus and the affected host. Many studies have already pointed out the importance of host genetic polymorphisms (especially in the RAS) as well as other related factors such age, gender, lifestyle and habits and underlying pathologies or comorbidities (diabetes and cardiovascular diseases) that could render individuals at higher risk of infection and pathogenicity. In this review, we explore the correlation between all these risk factors as well as how and why they could account for severe post-COVID-19 complications.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Renin-Angiotensin System / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal subject: Biology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Molecules26226945

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Renin-Angiotensin System / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines Limits: Humans Language: English Journal subject: Biology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Molecules26226945