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Deciphering the Role of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Different COVID-19 Vaccines-A Comparison of Vaccine Candidate Genes in Roborovski Dwarf Hamsters.
Trimpert, Jakob; Herwig, Susanne; Stein, Julia; Vladimirova, Daria; Adler, Julia M; Abdelgawad, Azza; Firsching, Theresa C; Thoma, Tizia; Sehouli, Jalid; Osterrieder, Klaus; Gruber, Achim D; Sawitzki, Birgit; Sander, Leif Erik; Cichon, Günter.
  • Trimpert J; Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
  • Herwig S; Department of Gynecology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
  • Stein J; Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
  • Vladimirova D; Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
  • Adler JM; Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
  • Abdelgawad A; Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
  • Firsching TC; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
  • Thoma T; Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
  • Sehouli J; Department of Gynecology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
  • Osterrieder K; Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
  • Gruber AD; Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
  • Sawitzki B; Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
  • Sander LE; Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
  • Cichon G; Department of Gynecology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
Viruses ; 13(11)2021 11 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1524173
ABSTRACT
With the exception of inactivated vaccines, all SARS-CoV-2 vaccines currently used for clinical application focus on the spike envelope glycoprotein as a virus-specific antigen. Compared to other SARS-CoV-2 genes, mutations in the spike protein gene are more rapidly selected and spread within the population, which carries the risk of impairing the efficacy of spike-based vaccines. It is unclear to what extent the loss of neutralizing antibody epitopes can be compensated by cellular immune responses, and whether the use of other SARS-CoV-2 antigens might cause a more diverse immune response and better long-term protection, particularly in light of the continued evolution towards new SARS-CoV-2 variants. To address this question, we explored immunogenicity and protective effects of adenoviral vectors encoding either the full-length spike protein (S), the nucleocapsid protein (N), the receptor binding domain (RBD) or a hybrid construct of RBD and the membrane protein (M) in a highly susceptible COVID-19 hamster model. All adenoviral vaccines provided life-saving protection against SARS-CoV-2-infection. The most efficient protection was achieved after exposure to full-length spike. However, the nucleocapsid protein, which triggered a robust T-cell response but did not facilitate the formation of neutralizing antibodies, controlled early virus replication efficiently and prevented severe pneumonia. Although the full-length spike protein is an excellent target for vaccines, it does not appear to be the only option for future vaccine design.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Immunity, Humoral / Immunogenicity, Vaccine / COVID-19 Vaccines / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Immunity, Cellular Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Animals Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: V13112290

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Immunity, Humoral / Immunogenicity, Vaccine / COVID-19 Vaccines / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Immunity, Cellular Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Animals Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: V13112290