Increasing concentration of COVID-19 by socioeconomic determinants and geography in Toronto, Canada: an observational study.
Ann Epidemiol
; 65: 84-92, 2022 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1525672
Preprint
This scientific journal article is probably based on a previously available preprint. It has been identified through a machine matching algorithm, human confirmation is still pending.
See preprint
This scientific journal article is probably based on a previously available preprint. It has been identified through a machine matching algorithm, human confirmation is still pending.
See preprint
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Inequities in the burden of COVID-19 were observed early in Canada and around the world, suggesting economically marginalized communities faced disproportionate risks. However, there has been limited systematic assessment of how heterogeneity in risks has evolved in large urban centers over time.PURPOSE:
To address this gap, we quantified the magnitude of risk heterogeneity in Toronto, Ontario from January to November 2020 using a retrospective, population-based observational study using surveillance data.METHODS:
We generated epidemic curves by social determinants of health (SDOH) and crude Lorenz curves by neighbourhoods to visualize inequities in the distribution of COVID-19 and estimated Gini coefficients. We examined the correlation between SDOH using Pearson-correlation coefficients.RESULTS:
Gini coefficient of cumulative cases by population size was 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]0.36-0.47) and estimated for household income (0.20, 95%CI 0.14-0.28); visible minority (0.21, 95%CI0.16-0.28); recent immigration (0.12, 95%CI0.09-0.16); suitable housing (0.21, 95%CI0.14-0.30); multigenerational households (0.19, 95%CI0.15-0.23); and essential workers (0.28, 95%CI0.23-0.34).CONCLUSIONS:
There was rapid epidemiologic transition from higher- to lower-income neighborhoods with Lorenz curve transitioning from below to above the line of equality across SDOH. Moving forward necessitates integrating programs and policies addressing socioeconomic inequities and structural racism into COVID-19 prevention and vaccination programs.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
COVID-19
Type of study:
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Systematic review/Meta Analysis
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Humans
Country/Region as subject:
North America
Language:
English
Journal:
Ann Epidemiol
Journal subject:
Epidemiology
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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