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Factors Affecting the Incidence, Progression, and Severity of COVID-19 in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.
Ahmed, Amira S; Alotaibi, Wejdan S; Aldubayan, Maha A; Alhowail, Ahmad H; Al-Najjar, Amal H; Chigurupati, Sridevi; Elgharabawy, Rehab M.
  • Ahmed AS; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alotaibi WS; Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.
  • Aldubayan MA; College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alhowail AH; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
  • Al-Najjar AH; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
  • Chigurupati S; Drug and Poison Information Specialist, Pharmacy Services, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Elgharabawy RM; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia.
Biomed Res Int ; 2021: 1676914, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1533104
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

This study screened for factors affecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, appraised vitamin D's efficacy in preventing COVID-19, and assessed the effects of clinical characteristics, glycemic status, vitamin D, and hydroxychloroquine administration on COVID-19's progression and severity in T1DM patients.

METHODS:

This retrospective research on 150 adults was conducted at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, KSA. Participants were allocated to three groups (50/group) control, T1DM, and T1DM with COVID-19. Participants' fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), complete blood count, vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D-dimer, liver and kidney function, and hydroxychloroquine treatment were retrieved and analyzed.

RESULTS:

The percentages of comorbidities and not taking hydroxychloroquine were significantly higher among T1DM patients with COVID-19 than patients with T1DM only. Mean vitamin D level was significantly lower in T1DM with COVID-19 patients than in the other two groups. Vitamin D showed a significant negative correlation with LDH, CRP, ESR, ferritin, and D-dimer, which was the most reliable predictor of COVID-19 severity in T1DM patients.

CONCLUSION:

Comorbidities and vitamin D deficiency are risk factors for COVID-19 in patients with T1DM. Patients who do not take hydroxychloroquine and have higher FBG and HbA1c levels are vulnerable to COVID-19. Vitamin D may be useful for preventing COVID-19 in T1DM patients. Comorbidities, higher FBG and HbA1c levels, not taking hydroxychloroquine, and vitamin D inadequacy elevate COVID-19 progression and severity in patients with T1DM.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vitamin D / Biomarkers / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / COVID-19 / COVID-19 Drug Treatment / Hydroxychloroquine Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Biomed Res Int Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 2021

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vitamin D / Biomarkers / Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / COVID-19 / COVID-19 Drug Treatment / Hydroxychloroquine Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adult / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Biomed Res Int Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 2021