COVID-19 vaccination - a saviour from pandemic

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The world is hit by a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, a new genotype of the virus, which causes coronavirus disease, Covid-19. The situation has challenged the entire scientific community nationally as well as internationally to fight back this deadly disease. Since its beginning in November 2019, it has disseminated throughout the human race, regardless of all the measures taken by healthcare sectors, governments, and world health organizations as well. Numerous investigations show that this virus uses air as a passage to commute and spread, the disease most commonly spreads through droplet infections and when comes in contact with the mucous membrane, enters the body. Entire medical staff along with scientists of various nations are working perpetually to develop successful vaccines and drugs to fight back this virus. Amongst various vaccines developing across the world, many of them are in their clinical trials and human trial phases and those which have succeeded in all the trial phases are getting delivered to citizens since December 2020. The present article aims to provide a review of the literature on the type of vaccinations that have been developed so far with their mechanism of action and their basic formulations.