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SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines Elicit Different Responses in Immunologically Naïve and Pre-Immune Humans.
Forgacs, David; Jang, Hyesun; Abreu, Rodrigo B; Hanley, Hannah B; Gattiker, Jasper L; Jefferson, Alexandria M; Ross, Ted M.
  • Forgacs D; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
  • Jang H; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
  • Abreu RB; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
  • Hanley HB; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
  • Gattiker JL; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
  • Jefferson AM; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
  • Ross TM; Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
Front Immunol ; 12: 728021, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1538370
ABSTRACT
As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, the authorization of vaccines for emergency use has been crucial in slowing down the rate of infection and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. In order to investigate the longitudinal serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 natural infection and vaccination, a large-scale, multi-year serosurveillance program entitled SPARTA (SARS SeroPrevalence and Respiratory Tract Assessment) was initiated at 4 locations in the U.S. The serological assay presented here measuring IgG binding to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) detected antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination with a 95.5% sensitivity and a 95.9% specificity. We used this assay to screen more than 3100 participants and selected 20 previously infected pre-immune and 32 immunologically naïve participants to analyze their antibody binding to RBD and viral neutralization (VN) responses following vaccination with two doses of either the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 or the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine. Vaccination not only elicited a more robust immune reaction than natural infection, but the level of neutralizing and anti-RBD antibody binding after vaccination is also significantly higher in pre-immune participants compared to immunologically naïve participants (p<0.0033). Furthermore, the administration of the second vaccination did not further increase the neutralizing or binding antibody levels in pre-immune participants (p=0.69). However, ~46% of the immunologically naïve participants required both vaccinations to seroconvert.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vaccination / Antibodies, Neutralizing / Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Immunogenicity, Vaccine / COVID-19 Vaccines / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Antibodies, Viral Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2021.728021

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vaccination / Antibodies, Neutralizing / Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Immunogenicity, Vaccine / COVID-19 Vaccines / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 / Antibodies, Viral Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Front Immunol Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fimmu.2021.728021