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When Eyes Wander Around: Mind-Wandering as Revealed by Eye Movement Analysis with Hidden Markov Models.
Lee, Hsing-Hao; Chen, Zih-Ling; Yeh, Su-Ling; Hsiao, Janet Huiwen; Wu, An-Yeu Andy.
  • Lee HH; Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.
  • Chen ZL; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10051, Taiwan.
  • Yeh SL; Department of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.
  • Hsiao JH; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10051, Taiwan.
  • Wu AA; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.
Sensors (Basel) ; 21(22)2021 Nov 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1538464
ABSTRACT
Mind-wandering has been shown to largely influence our learning efficiency, especially in the digital and distracting era nowadays. Detecting mind-wandering thus becomes imperative in educational scenarios. Here, we used a wearable eye-tracker to record eye movements during the sustained attention to response task. Eye movement analysis with hidden Markov models (EMHMM), which takes both spatial and temporal eye-movement information into account, was used to examine if participants' eye movement patterns can differentiate between the states of focused attention and mind-wandering. Two representative eye movement patterns were discovered through clustering using EMHMM centralized and distributed patterns. Results showed that participants with the centralized pattern had better performance on detecting targets and rated themselves as more focused than those with the distributed pattern. This study indicates that distinct eye movement patterns are associated with different attentional states (focused attention vs. mind-wandering) and demonstrates a novel approach in using EMHMM to study attention. Moreover, this study provides a potential approach to capture the mind-wandering state in the classroom without interrupting the ongoing learning behavior.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Eye / Eye Movements Limits: Humans Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S21227569

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Eye / Eye Movements Limits: Humans Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S21227569