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COVID-19 Pandemic as Risk Factors for Excessive Weight Gain in Pediatrics: The Role of Changes in Nutrition Behavior. A Narrative Review.
Cena, Hellas; Fiechtner, Lauren; Vincenti, Alessandra; Magenes, Vittoria Carlotta; De Giuseppe, Rachele; Manuelli, Matteo; Zuccotti, Gian Vincenzo; Calcaterra, Valeria.
  • Cena H; Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
  • Fiechtner L; Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
  • Vincenti A; Division of General Academic Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
  • Magenes VC; Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
  • De Giuseppe R; Center for Pediatric Nutrition, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
  • Manuelli M; Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
  • Zuccotti GV; Pediatric Department, "V. Buzzi" Children's Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy.
  • Calcaterra V; Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
Nutrients ; 13(12)2021 Nov 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1542684
ABSTRACT
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, social isolation, semi-lockdown, and "stay at home" orders were imposed upon the population in the interest of infection control. This dramatically changes the daily routine of children and adolescents, with a large impact on lifestyle and wellbeing. Children with obesity have been shown to be at a higher risk of negative lifestyle changes and weight gain during lockdown. Obesity and COVID-19 negatively affect children and adolescents' wellbeing, with adverse effects on psychophysical health, due in large part to food choices, snacking between meals, and comfort eating. Moreover, a markable decrease in physical activity levels and an increase in sedentary behavior is associated with weight gain, especially in children with excessive weight. In addition, obesity is the most common comorbidity in severe cases of COVID-19, suggesting that immune dysregulation, metabolic unbalance, inadequate nutritional status, and dysbiosis are key factors in the complex mechanistic and clinical interplay between obesity and COVID-19. This narrative review aims to describe the most up-to-date evidence on the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and adolescents, focusing on the role of excessive weight and weight gain in pediatrics. The COVID-19 pandemic has taught us that nutrition education interventions, access to healthy food, as well as family nutrition counselling should be covered by pediatric services to prevent obesity, which worsens disease outcomes related to COVID-19 infection.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Health Behavior / Quarantine / Nutritional Status / Sedentary Behavior / Pandemics / Pediatric Obesity / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Reviews Limits: Adolescent / Child / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Nu13124255

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Health Behavior / Quarantine / Nutritional Status / Sedentary Behavior / Pandemics / Pediatric Obesity / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Reviews Limits: Adolescent / Child / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Nu13124255