Body Mass Index and Risk of COVID-19 Diagnosis, Hospitalization, and Death: A Cohort Study of 2 524 926 Catalans.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
; 106(12): e5030-e5042, 2021 11 19.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1546810
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT A comprehensive understanding of the association between body mass index (BMI) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still lacking. OBJECTIVE:
To investigate associations between BMI and risk of COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization with COVID-19, and death after a COVID-19 diagnosis or hospitalization (subsequent death), accounting for potential effect modification by age and sex.DESIGN:
Population-based cohort study.SETTING:
Primary care records covering >80% of the Catalan population, linked to regionwide testing, hospital, and mortality records from March to May 2020.PARTICIPANTS:
Adults (≥18 years) with at least 1 measurement of weight and height. MAIN OUTCOMEMEASURES:
Hazard ratios (HR) for each outcome.RESULTS:
We included 2 524 926 participants. After 67 days of follow-up, 57 443 individuals were diagnosed with COVID-19, 10 862 were hospitalized with COVID-19, and 2467 had a subsequent death. BMI was positively associated with being diagnosed and hospitalized with COVID-19. Compared to a BMI of 22 kg/m2, the HR (95% CI) of a BMI of 31 kg/m2 was 1.22 (1.19-1.24) for diagnosis and 1.88 (1.75-2.03) and 2.01 (1.86-2.18) for hospitalization without and with a prior outpatient diagnosis, respectively. The association between BMI and subsequent death was J-shaped, with a modestly higher risk of death among individuals with BMIsâ ≤â 19 kg/m2 and a more pronounced increasing risk for BMIsâ ≥â 40 kg/m2. The increase in risk for COVID-19 outcomes was particularly pronounced among younger patients.CONCLUSIONS:
There is a monotonic association between BMI and COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization risks but a J-shaped relationship with mortality. More research is needed to unravel the mechanisms underlying these relationships.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Body Mass Index
/
COVID-19
/
Hospitalization
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Diagnostic study
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Aged
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
/
Young adult
Country/Region as subject:
Europa
Language:
English
Journal:
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Clinem
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