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Is SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance in nasopharyngeal swabs an appropriate surrogate marker for clinical efficacy of neutralising antibody-based therapeutics?
Focosi, Daniele; Franchini, Massimo; Pirofski, Liise-Anne; Maggi, Fabrizio; Casadevall, Arturo.
  • Focosi D; North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
  • Franchini M; Division of Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantua, Italy.
  • Pirofski LA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA.
  • Maggi F; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.
  • Casadevall A; Laboratory of Microbiology, ASST Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy.
Rev Med Virol ; 32(4): e2314, 2022 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1549282
ABSTRACT
Viral clearance is likely the best way to assess the efficacy of antibody-based therapies. Although antibodies can mediate a variety of effects that include modulation of inflammation, the demonstration of viral clearance provides an accessible and measurable parameter that can be used to evaluate efficacy and determine dosing. Therefore, it is important to ascertain the ability of monoclonal antibodies and convalescent plasma to effect viral clearance. For COVID-19, which is caused by the respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2, the most common assay to assess viral clearance is via a nasopharyngeal swab (NPS). However, assessment of antibody efficacy by sampling this site may be misleading because it may not be as accessible to serum antibodies as respiratory secretions or circulating blood. Adding to the complexity of assessing the efficacy of administered antibody, particularly in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that enroled patients at different times after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, viral clearance may also be mediated by endogenous antibody. In this article we critically review available data on viral clearance in RCTs, matched control studies, case series and case reports of antibody therapies in an attempt to identify variables that contribute to antibody efficacy and suggest optimal strategies for future studies.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Antibodies, Neutralizing / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Rev Med Virol Journal subject: Virology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Rmv.2314

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Antibodies, Neutralizing / SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Rev Med Virol Journal subject: Virology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Rmv.2314