Role of IL-13-induced Th2 inflammation in host responses to SARSCoV-2
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis
; 20:S183, 2021.
Article
in English
| EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1554123
ABSTRACT
Background:
Chronic lung inflammation affects the response to respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 in airway epithelia. Based on the pattern associated with disease endotype, airway inflammation can be simplified into type 2 and type 17. Half of asthmatics have type 2 high endotype driven by IL-13/IL-4 cytokine signaling that induces goblet cell metaplasia. Other inflammatory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and sarcoidosis are associated with the type 17 cytokines IL-17 and TNF-α. Recent case-control studies have suggested that asthma may protect against or at least not worsen SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the effect of inflammation on COVID-19 outcomes is unclear. Although interferons and cytokine-driven inflammation may modulate antiviral response, epithelial remodeling might also affect susceptibility to viruses.We applied a singlecell RNA-seq approach to investigate responses to SARS-CoV-2 in primary human airway epithelia treated with inflammatory cytokines. We hypothesized that IL-13-induced type 2 inflammation and IL-17-induced type 17 inflammation would respond differently to SARS-CoV-2-infected human airway epithelia and that IL-13 would protect the epithelia from SARS-CoV-2 infection through goblet cell-secreted factorsMethods:
We infected primary human airway epithelia (n = 3 donors) grown at the air–liquid interface with 0.1 multiplicity of infection of SARSCoV- 2 and obtained viral titers and single-cell suspensions at 6 and 72 hours after infection. The epitheliawere pretreated with IL-13 or IL-17 plus TNF-α for a short (4 days) or long (56 days) course to differentiate the early effects of cytokine response from late goblet cell metaplasia that develops over weeks. We then performed single-cell RNA-seq to analyze viral transcriptsResults:
We found that IL-13, but not IL17 plus TNF-α, protected epithelia from SARS-CoV-2 at 72 hours after infection. Moreover, the protection seemed to be independent of interferons because interferon-stimulated genes, induced by short IL-13 exposure, failed to protect the epithelia from viral infection. Our analysis shows that the genes with the largest expression change in long-course IL-13-treated epithelia were mediated by the appearance of goblet cells andwere goblet-specific genes. Using our single-cell RNA-seq data, we analyzed how cytokines change response in each cell type after viral infection. We found that, when cells become infected, their response is not abnormal.Conclusion:
IL-13 protects human airway epithelia from SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro;the protective mechanism may involve secreted products from goblet cells. IL-13-treated airway epithelial cells have an otherwise normal response to SARS-CoV-2. Our findings suggest that products secreted by goblet cells may have potential therapeutic applications for respiratory viral diseases.
endogenous, compound; interferon; interleukin, 13; interleukin, 17; tumor, necrosis, factor; adult; airway, epithelium, cell; asthma; case, control, study; cell, suspension; chronic, bronchitis; conference,; controlled, study; cystic, fibrosis; cytokine, response; female; genetic, transcription; goblet, cell, metaplasia; human; human, cell; in, vitro, study; inflammatory, disease; male; nonhuman; protein, expression; protein, function; sarcoidosis; Severe, acute, respiratory, syndrome, coronavirus, 2; single, cell, RNA, seq; virus, load
Full text:
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Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
EMBASE
Language:
English
Journal:
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
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