Complexity of immune responses in COVID-19.
Semin Immunol
; 55: 101545, 2021 06.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1555774
ABSTRACT
The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial morbidity and mortality to humanity. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding both the innate and adaptive mechanisms involved in the host response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus, but much remains to be discovered. Robust upper airway defenses are critical in restricting SARS-CoV-2 replication and propagation. Further, the nasal abundance of viral uptake receptor, ACE2, and the host epithelial transcriptional landscape, are associated with differential disease outcomes across different patient cohorts. The adaptive host response to systemic COVID-19 is heterogeneous and complex. Blunted responses to interferon and robust cytokine generation are hallmarks of the disease, particularly at the advanced stages. Excessive immune cell influx into tissues can lead to substantial collateral damage to the host akin to sepsis. This review offers a contemporary summary of these mechanisms of disease and highlights potential avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic development. These include improved disease stratification, targeting effectors of immune-mediated tissue damage, and blunting of immune cell-mediated tissue damage.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Cytokines
/
Adaptive Immunity
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Semin Immunol
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.smim.2021.101545
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