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Diversity of ACE2 and its interaction with SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain.
Low-Gan, Jessie; Huang, Ruiqi; Kelley, Abigail; Jenkins, Gabrielle Warner; McGregor, Duncan; Smider, Vaughn V.
  • Low-Gan J; San Diego Jewish Academy, San Diego, CA 92130, U.S.A.
  • Huang R; Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA 92127, U.S.A.
  • Kelley A; Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA 92127, U.S.A.
  • Jenkins GW; Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA 92127, U.S.A.
  • McGregor D; Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA 92127, U.S.A.
  • Smider VV; Applied Biomedical Science Institute, San Diego, CA 92127, U.S.A.
Biochem J ; 478(19): 3671-3684, 2021 10 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1557441
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ABSTRACT
COVID-19, the clinical syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has rapidly spread globally causing hundreds of millions of infections and over two million deaths. The potential animal reservoirs for SARS-CoV-2 are currently unknown, however sequence analysis has provided plausible potential candidate species. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enable its entry into host cells and establish infection. We analyzed the binding surface of ACE2 from several important animal species to begin to understand the parameters for the ACE2 recognition by the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD). We employed Shannon entropy analysis to determine the variability of ACE2 across its sequence and particularly in its RBD interacting region, and assessed differences between various species' ACE2 and human ACE2. Recombinant ACE2 from human, hamster, horseshoe bat, cat, ferret, and cow were evaluated for RBD binding. A gradient of binding affinities were seen where human and hamster ACE2 were similarly in the low nanomolar range, followed by cat and cow. Surprisingly, horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus sinicus) and ferret (Mustela putorius) ACE2s had poor binding activity compared with the other species' ACE2. The residue differences and binding properties between the species' variants provide a framework for understanding ACE2-RBD binding and virus tropism.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / SARS-CoV-2 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Variants Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Biochem J Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bcj20200908

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus / Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 / SARS-CoV-2 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Variants Limits: Animals / Humans Language: English Journal: Biochem J Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bcj20200908