Association between new-onset anosmia and positive SARS-CoV-2 tests among people accessing outpatient testing in Toronto, Ontario: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
CMAJ Open
; 9(4): E1134-E1140, 2021.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1560179
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Reports have suggested that anosmia is strongly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but patients were often asked about this symptom after their diagnosis. This study assessed associations between prospectively reported anosmia and other symptoms related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and SARS-CoV-2 positivity in community testing centres in Toronto, Ontario.METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study in which data were collected from 2 COVID-19 assessment centres affiliated with 2 hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, from Apr. 5 to Sept. 30, 2020. We included symptomatic profiles of all people who underwent a SARS-CoV-2 test at either clinic within the study period. We used generalized estimating equations to account for repeat visits and to assess associations between anosmia and other symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 positivity.RESULTS:
A total of 83 443 SARS-CoV-2 tests were conducted across the 2 sites for 72 692 participants during the study period. Of all tests, 1640 (2.0%) were positive; 837 (51.0%) of people who tested positive were asymptomatic. The adjusted odds ratio for the association between anosmia and test positivity was 5.29 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.50-6.22), with sensitivity of 0.138 (95% CI 0.121-0.154), specificity of 0.980 (95% CI 0.979-0.981), a positive predictive value of 0.120 (95% CI 0.106-0.135) and a negative predictive value of 0.983 (95% CI 0.982-0.984).INTERPRETATION:
Anosmia had high specificity and a positive predictive value of 12% for SARS-CoV-2 infection in this community population with low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. The presence of anosmia should increase clinical suspicion of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and our findings suggest that people presenting with this symptom should be tested.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Outpatients
/
SARS-CoV-2
/
Anosmia
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Diagnostic study
/
Observational study
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Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
Limits:
Adolescent
/
Adult
/
Aged
/
Child
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Child, preschool
/
Female
/
Humans
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Infant
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Country/Region as subject:
North America
Language:
English
Journal:
CMAJ Open
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
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