Development and New Thinking on Covid-19 Vaccine

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 (2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia) outbreak caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the most severe challenge facing mankind in a century. After Wuhan, a city in China became the epicenter of the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, multiple countries have experienced multiple waves of the disease. Scientific experts have been working on the characteristics of COVID-19 with the aim of finding the most appropriate way to control the virus. This phenomenon has reinforced the strong need to develop a vaccine to control the rate and spread of infection. In view of the global importance attached to COVID-19, this article mainly reviews the basic biological characteristics, sources and transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2, and provides an overview of the current clinical trials of representative new coronavirus vaccines (including inactivated vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, recombinant vector vaccines, subunit vaccines and nucleic acid vaccines) to summarize and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various COVID-19 vaccines on the market today, and provide reference suggestions for the design and optimization of COVID-19 vaccines. © 2021, Editorial Board of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. All right reserved.