Cross-sectional survey of patients awaiting nephrolithiasis surgery during the covid-19 pandemic onset: A multi-center study from the registry for stones of the kidney & ureter group

ABSTRACT

Introduction & Objective: The Coronavirus pandemic led to wide-spread reductions in surgical volume. Many patients were hesitant to undergo surgery, despite appropriate hospital precautions. Kidney stone patients pending surgical intervention have distinct risks associated with surgical delay including pain, infection, and loss of renal function. It is important to understand the risks of surgical delay during the pandemic and to better understand patient concerns and preferences for undergoing surgery. Methods: A prospective, multi-institutional patient survey during April and May 2020 was performed. Nephrolithiasis patients pending stone removal surgery including ureteroscopy, shockwave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and nephrectomy were interviewed at clinical encounters regarding their symptoms, unplanned clinical events, presence of nephrostomy tubes /double J stents, concerns and reassurances for coming to the hospital, and willingness to undergo surgery. The association of patient demographics, stone burden, renal function, stonerelated symptoms, and COVID risk factors with willingness to undergo surgery, and concerns for contracting COVID were examined. Results: 142 patients pending stone surgery completed surveys, with 66% willing to proceed with surgery, while 34% requested to delay. There was no statistical difference in patients willing versus unwilling to proceed with surgery, with regards to patient demographics, type of surgical procedure, stone burden, stonerelated symptoms, renal function compromise, presence of hydronephrosis, unplanned clinical events, or COVID risk factors. Those willing to proceed were more likely to have a ureteral stone (32% vs 15%, p = 0.03) or have a ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube in place (35% vs 6%, p < 0.01). Willingness to proceed with surgery was inversely correlated with COVID19 concerns. COVID19 concern was not impacted by age, sex, clinical site, distance to hospital, or COVID 19 risk factors. Conclusions: Kidney stone patients pending surgical treatment weremore willing to proceed with surgery based on the presence of a ureteral stone, upper urinary tract drainage tube, or low concern for COVID. Patient demographic, symptoms, kidney function, and other stone risk factors were not associated with willingness for surgery. Patients that are hesitant to proceed with surgery, despite appropriate hospital precautions should be educated appropriately regarding their risks with regards to COVID and nephrolithiasis.