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Serum ß2-microglobulin levels in Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): Another prognosticator of disease severity?
Conca, Walter; Alabdely, Mayyadah; Albaiz, Faisal; Foster, Michael Warren; Alamri, Maha; Alkaff, Morad; Al-Mohanna, Futwan; Nagelkerke, Nicolaas; Almaghrabi, Reem Saad.
  • Conca W; Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alabdely M; Department of Executive Health Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Albaiz F; Department of Cell Biology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Foster MW; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alamri M; Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alkaff M; Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Al-Mohanna F; Department of Executive Health Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Nagelkerke N; Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Almaghrabi RS; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One ; 16(3): e0247758, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1574068
ABSTRACT
ß2-microglobulin (ß2-m), a 11.8 kDa protein, pairs non-covalently with the α3 domain of the major histocompatibility class (MHC) I α-chain and is essential for the conformation of the MHC class I protein complex. Shed ß2-m is measurable in circulation, and various disorders are accompanied by increases in ß2-m levels, including several viral infections. Therefore, we explored whether ß2-m levels could also be elevated in Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and whether they predict disease severity. Serum ß2-m levels were measured in a cohort of 34 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 on admission to a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, as well as in an approximately age-sex matched group of 34 uninfected controls. Mean ß2-m level was 3.25±1.68 mg/l (reference range 0.8-2.2 mg/l) in patients (mean age 48.2±21.6) and 1.98±0.61 mg/l in controls (mean age 48.2±21.6). 17 patients (mean age 36.9± 18.0) with mean ß2-m levels of 2.27±0.64 mg/l had mild disease by WHO severity categorization, 12 patients (mean age 53.3±18.1) with mean ß2-m levels of 3.57±1.39 mg/l had moderate disease, and five patients (of whom 2 died; mean age 74.4±13.8) with mean ß2-m levels of 5.85±1.85 mg/l had severe disease (P < = 0.001, by ANOVA test for linear trend). In multivariate ordinal regression ß2-m levels were the only significant predictor of disease severity. Our findings suggest that higher ß2-m levels could be an early indicator of severity of disease and predict outcome of Covid-19. As the main limitations of the study are a single-center study, sample size and ethnicity, these results need confirmation in larger cohorts outside the Arabian Peninsula in order to delineate the value of ß2-m measurements. The role of ß2-m in the etiology and pathogenesis of severe Covid-19 remains to be elucidated.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Severity of Illness Index / Beta 2-Microglobulin / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0247758

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Severity of Illness Index / Beta 2-Microglobulin / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Adult / Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: PLoS One Journal subject: Science / Medicine Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pone.0247758