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Timeline of SARS-CoV-2 Spread in Italy: Results from an Independent Serological Retesting.
Montomoli, Emanuele; Apolone, Giovanni; Manenti, Alessandro; Boeri, Mattia; Suatoni, Paola; Sabia, Federica; Marchianò, Alfonso; Bollati, Valentina; Pastorino, Ugo; Sozzi, Gabriella.
  • Montomoli E; Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
  • Apolone G; VisMederi S.r.l., 53200 Siena, Italy.
  • Manenti A; Scientific Direction, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
  • Boeri M; VisMederi S.r.l., 53200 Siena, Italy.
  • Suatoni P; VisMederi Research S.r.l., 53100 Siena, Italy.
  • Sabia F; Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
  • Marchianò A; Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
  • Bollati V; Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
  • Pastorino U; Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
  • Sozzi G; EPIGET-Epidemiology, Epigenetics and Toxicology Lab., University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy.
Viruses ; 14(1)2021 12 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1580400
Preprint
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ABSTRACT
The massive emergence of COVID-19 cases in the first phase of pandemic within an extremely short period of time suggest that an undetected earlier circulation of SARS-CoV-2 might have occurred. Given the importance of this evidence, an independent evaluation was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to test a subset of samples selected on the level of positivity in ELISA assays (positive, low positive, negative) detected in our previous study of prepandemic samples collected in Italy. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were blindly retested by two independent centers in 29 blood samples collected in the prepandemic period in Italy, 29 samples collected one year before and 11 COVID-19 control samples. The methodologies used included IgG-RBD/IgM-RBD ELISA assays, a qualitative micro-neutralization CPE-based assay, a multiplex IgG protein array, an ELISA IgM kit (Wantai), and a plaque-reduction neutralization test. The results suggest the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in some samples collected in the prepandemic period, with the oldest samples found to be positive for IgM by both laboratories collected on 10 October 2019 (Lombardy), 11 November 2019 (Lombardy) and 5 February 2020 (Lazio), the latter with neutralizing antibodies. The detection of IgM and/or IgG binding and neutralizing antibodies was strongly dependent on the different serological assays and thresholds employed, and they were not detected in control samples collected one year before. These findings, although gathered in a small and selected set of samples, highlight the importance of harmonizing serological assays for testing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and may contribute to a better understanding of future virus dynamics.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Qualitative research Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: V14010061

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Qualitative research Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: V14010061