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Are we really all in this together? The social patterning of mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium.
Gadeyne, Sylvie; Rodriguez-Loureiro, Lucia; Surkyn, Johan; Van Hemelrijck, Wanda; Nusselder, Wilma; Lusyne, Patrick; Vanthomme, Katrien.
  • Gadeyne S; Sociology Department, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium. sgadeyne@vub.be.
  • Rodriguez-Loureiro L; Sociology Department, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
  • Surkyn J; Sociology Department, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
  • Van Hemelrijck W; Sociology Department, Interface Demography, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
  • Nusselder W; Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute-KNAW/University of Groningen, Lange Houtstraat 19, The Hague, CV, NL-2511, The Netherlands.
  • Lusyne P; Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, GD, 3015, The Netherlands.
  • Vanthomme K; Statbel, Directorate General Statistics - Statistics Belgium, North Gate - Boulevard du Roi Albert II, 16 - 1000, Brussels, Belgium.
Int J Equity Health ; 20(1): 258, 2021 12 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1724494
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Belgium was one of the countries that was struck hard by COVID-19. Initially, the belief was that we were 'all in it together'. Emerging evidence showed however that deprived socioeconomic groups suffered disproportionally. Yet, few studies are available for Belgium. The main question addressed in this paper is whether excess mortality during the first COVID-19 wave followed a social gradient and whether the classic mortality gradient was reproduced.

METHODS:

We used nationwide individually linked data from the Belgian National Register and the Census 2011. Age-standardized all-cause mortality rates were calculated during the first COVID-19 wave in weeks 11-20 in 2020 and compared with the rates during weeks 11-20 in 2015-2019 to calculate absolute and relative excess mortality by socioeconomic and -demographic characteristics. For both periods, relative inequalities in total mortality between socioeconomic and -demographic groups were calculated using Poisson regression. Analyses were stratified by age, gender and care home residence.

RESULTS:

Excess mortality during the first COVID-19 wave was high in collective households, with care homes hit extremely hard by the pandemic. The social patterning of excess mortality was rather inconsistent and deviated from the usual gradient, mainly through higher mortality excesses among higher socioeconomic groups classes in specific age-sex groups. Overall, the first COVID-19 wave did not change the social patterning of mortality, however. Differences in relative inequalities between both periods were generally small and insignificant, except by household living arrangement.

CONCLUSION:

The social patterning during the first COVID-19 wave was exceptional as excess mortality did not follow the classic lines of higher mortality in lower classes and patterns were not always consistent. Relative mortality inequalities did not change substantially during the first COVID-19 wave compared to the reference period.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans / Infant Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: Int J Equity Health Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12939-021-01594-0

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans / Infant Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: Int J Equity Health Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S12939-021-01594-0