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Production of Anti-Spike Antibodies in Response to COVID Vaccine in Lymphoma Patients
Blood ; 138:1347, 2021.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1582258
ABSTRACT
Background Patients with hematologic malignancies have poor outcomes from COVID infection with associated mortality of up to 30-40%. Studies have shown that these patients are less likely to mount an antibody response after COVID infection 1. The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID mRNA vaccines have been shown to be 94% effective in preventing severe disease in the general population. There is limited data on the efficacy of these vaccines in lymphoma patients, and to suggest the optimal timing of vaccination to elicit immunity in patients receiving immunochemotherapy. Methods This is a retrospective study of adult lymphoma patients who received the COVID vaccine between 12/2020 and 04/2021. The primary endpoint was a positive anti-COVID spike protein antibody titer following 2 doses of the COVID mRNA vaccines or 1 dose of the COVID adenovirus vaccine. Additional outcomes of interest included key variables, such as lymphoma subtype and treatment with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies. Subgroups were compared using Fisher's exact test, and unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used for univariate (UVA) and multivariate (MVA) analyses. Results One-hundred thirty-seven patients were identified with baseline characteristics as shown in Table 1. Overall, the study population was older at a median age of 69 (IQR 59-78) years old, 52% of patients were male, and 72% of patients were white. The most frequent comorbidities were cardiovascular disease (39%) and former smoking history (34%), and 45 (33%) patients were obese (BMI >= 30). Testing for anti-COVID spike protein antibodies occurred at a median 48 (IQR 25-62) days [range 6-120] after second vaccination. Lymphoma subtypes in our cohort were indolent lymphomas (35%), CLL/SLL (20%), 27 (20%) patients with Burkitt's, DLBCL, PMBCL combined, and 25 (18%) patients with Hodgkin's and T-cell lymphomas (HL/TCL) combined. Majority of patients received COVID mRNA vaccines, and we were able to confirm the specific type in 71 (52%) patients. Only 1 person received the COVID adenovirus vaccine. Ninety-two patients (67.2%) developed anti-COVID spike protein antibodies after receiving a COVID vaccine. Of 27 patients who received an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody-containing regimen in the last 12 months prior to vaccination, 14 (52%) patients produced antibodies. This rate was numerically lower than 72% (26/36) of those who developed antibodies and received an anti-CD20 antibody greater than 12 months prior to vaccination. There were differences observed in the ability to produce serology towards the COVID vaccine amongst lymphoma subtypes. Of 28 patients with CLL, 12 (43%) produced antibodies. There were 6 CLL patients receiving anticancer treatment at the time of vaccination, of which 2 patients produced antibodies. CLL/SLL patients were less likely to mount an antibody response to the COVID vaccine when compared to those with other types of lymphoma, and this difference was significant on UVA (OR 0.270, 95% CI 0.112-0.648), p=0.003) and MVA (OR 0.259, 95% CI 0.104-0.643, p=0.004). For patients with HL/TCL, 22 of 25 (88%) patients produced antibodies. Among the 3 HL/TCL patients that did not produce antibodies, 1 patient had HIV/AIDS post-transplant, 1 had relapsed AITL, and 1 received rituximab. All HL/TCL patients who received anticancer treatment in the last 6 months (10 of 10) produced antibodies at a median titer of 120 AU/mL (reference >=15 AU/mL), with 4 patients having a robust response of antibody titers >400 AU/mL. On statistical analysis, HL/TCL patients were more likely to elicit an antibody response to the COVID vaccine when compared to those with other types of lymphoma, and this response was significant on UVA (OR 4.084, 95% CI 1.149-14.515, p=0.03) and MVA (OR 4.442, 95% CI 1.219-16.191, p=0.024). Conclusion Lymphoma patients are capable of mounting a humoral response to the COVID mRNA vaccines. CLL/SLL appears predictive of a negative antibody response to the COVID vaccine, while HL/TCL histologies appeared to correlate to a positive antibody response even with treatment within 6 months of vaccination. Our study suggests anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy in the last 12 months may affect the ability to produce serology towards a COVID vaccine. Further studies are required to confirm our findings, including whether T-cell immunity would be of clinical relevance in this patient population. 1. Passamonti et al, Br J Haematol 2021 [Formula presented] Disclosures Leslie Kite, a Gilead Company Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;Abbvie Consultancy, Honoraria;BeiGene Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;PCYC/Janssen Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;TG Therapeutics Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;Janssen Consultancy, Speakers Bureau;AstraZeneca Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;Seagen Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;Epizyme Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;Karyopharm Therapeutics Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;Celgene/BMS Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;Merck Consultancy;Pharmacyclics Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau;ADC Therapeutics Consultancy. Goy Acerta Consultancy, Research Funding;Bristol Meyers Squibb Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;AstraZeneca Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Genentech/Hoffman la Roche Research Funding;AbbVie/Pharmacyclics Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Gilead Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Kite Pharma Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Janssen Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Vincerx pharma Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Rosewell Park Consultancy;LLC(Targeted Oncology) Consultancy;Elsevier's Practice Update Oncology, Intellisphere, LLC(Targeted Oncology) Consultancy;Michael J Hennessey Associates INC Consultancy;Hoffman la Roche Consultancy;Xcenda Consultancy;Medscape Consultancy;Physicians' Education Resource Consultancy, Other Meeting/travel support;Vincerx Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;AbbVie/Pharmacyclics Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding;Bristol Meyers Squibb Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees;Incyte Honoraria;MorphoSys Honoraria, Other;Novartis Consultancy, Honoraria;OncLive Peer Exchange Honoraria;Xcenda Consultancy, Honoraria;AstraZeneca Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding;Elsevier PracticeUpdate Oncology Consultancy, Honoraria;Celgene Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding;Genomic Testing Cooperative Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other Leadership role;COTA (Cancer Outcome Tracking Analysis) Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other Leadership role;Hackensack Meridian Health, Regional Cancer Care Associates/OMI Current Employment;Janssen Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding;Kite, a Gilead Company Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding;Infinity/Verastem Research Funding;Janssen Research Funding;Karyopharm Research Funding;Phamacyclics Research Funding;Constellation Research Funding. Feldman Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease Honoraria, Other Study investigator.
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Full text: Available Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: EMBASE Topics: Vaccines Language: English Journal: Blood Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: EMBASE Topics: Vaccines Language: English Journal: Blood Year: 2021 Document Type: Article