SYSTEMATIC REVIEW ON MECHANISM OF ACTION, MORTALITIES, MORBIDITIES, AND PREVENTION FROM COVID-19

ABSTRACT

Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses which belong to family Coronaviridae. These viruses are responsible for mild to severe respiratory ailments such as common cold to SARS, MERS and COVID-19. Pandemic COVID-19 is an ongoing issue of 2020. It starts from Wuhan city of China that later extended to the whole world (203 countries). However, according to another report of World Health Organization (WHO) the virus may start from some other part of the world rather than Wuhan city of China. The major structural components of COVID-19 are spike, envelope and nucleocapsid proteins. It enters the cell via cellular receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). Its symptoms are high fever, dry cough, fatigue, dyspnea, tiredness, headache, body-aches, pneumonia, and difficult breathing. Its man to man transmission is extraordinarily high and has ability to infect all age groups however, morbidity cases are noticed higher in elderly group of people. It can be transferred by the carriers via cough, sneeze or when they touched the surfaces or any object. It is concluded that there are more chances for the spread of disease in casual and workplaces. To control pandemic COVID-19 there is need to spread awareness about its structure, way of transmission and prevention. The present review discusses structure, mechanism of action, incubation period, most affected age groups, symptoms, transmission, and precautions to stop its progress.