Levamisole Therapy in COVID-19.
Viral Immunol
; 34(10): 722-725, 2021 12.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1591011
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) affects various organs, primarily the respiratory system, and presented with pulmonary manifestations such as acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Levamisole (LVM) is an anthelminthic drug; it has immune-modulating effects through induction of type 1 immune response. Based on these findings several recent studies highlighted that LVM might be effective in preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infections. The aim of this report is to illustrate the potential role of LVM in SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the management of COVID-19. Different studies proposed that LVM may inhibit proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 through inhibition of papain-like protease. LVM may prevent ALI and acute kidney injury through activation of glucocorticoid receptors. In general, LVM has strong immune stimulant effects by modulating cellular and humoral immune responses. This effect is beneficial in the early phase of COVID-19 and harmful in the late phase. In the early phase, immune stimulation facilitates SARS-CoV-2 clearance and tissue repair, however, in the late phase, immune stimulation in COVID-19 may increase propagation risk of cytokine storm. In conclusion, LVM therapy in COVID-19 has bidirectional effects, beneficial in the early phase and harmful effects in the late phase of COVID-19. Clinical trial and prospective studies are warranted in this regard to confirm the efficacy and timing administration of LVM in the management of COVID-19.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Levamisole
/
COVID-19
/
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Randomized controlled trials
Topics:
Long Covid
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Viral Immunol
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
/
Virology
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Vim.2021.0042
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