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Anxiety, Anger and Depression Amongst Low-Income Earners in Southwestern Uganda During the COVID-19 Total Lockdown.
Archibong, Victor; Usman, Ibe Michael; Kasozi, Keneth Iceland; Aigbogun, Eric Osamudiamwen; Josiah, Ifie; Monima, Ann Lemuel; Ssebuufu, Robinson; Chekwech, Gaudencia; Terkimbi, Swase Dominic; Owoisinke, Okon; Mbiydzenyuy, Ngala Elvis; Adeoye, Azeez; Aruwa, Joshua Ojodale; Afodun, Adam Moyosore; Odoma, Saidi; Ssempijja, Fred; Ayikobua, Emmanuel Tiyo; Ayuba, John Tabakwot; Nankya, Viola; Onongha, Comfort; Henry, Sussan; Matama, Kevin; Yusuf, Helen; Nalugo, Halima; MacLeod, Ewan; Welburn, Susan Christina.
  • Archibong V; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda.
  • Usman IM; Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Kasozi KI; Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
  • Aigbogun EO; Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Josiah I; Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Monima AL; Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Ceasor University, Kampala, Uganda.
  • Ssebuufu R; Uganda Medical and Dental Practitioners' Council, Kampala, Uganda.
  • Chekwech G; Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Terkimbi SD; Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Owoisinke O; Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
  • Mbiydzenyuy NE; Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia.
  • Adeoye A; Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Aruwa JO; Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Afodun AM; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, Busitema, Uganda.
  • Odoma S; School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Kampala, Uganda.
  • Ssempijja F; Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Ayikobua ET; Department of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda.
  • Ayuba JT; Faculty of Biomedicals Sciences, Kampala International University Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Nankya V; School of Nursing, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Onongha C; School of Nursing, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Henry S; School of Nursing, Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda.
  • Matama K; School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Kampala, Uganda.
  • Yusuf H; Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Science, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
  • Nalugo H; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.
  • MacLeod E; Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
  • Welburn SC; Infection Medicine, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Front Public Health ; 9: 590458, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1591317
ABSTRACT

Background:

Low-income earners are particularly vulnerable to mental health, consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown restrictions, due to a temporary or permanent loss of income and livelihood, coupled with government-enforced measures of social distancing. This study evaluates the mental health status among low-income earners in southwestern Uganda during the first total COVID-19 lockdown in Uganda.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken amongst earners whose income falls below the poverty threshold. Two hundred and fifty-three (n = 253) male and female low-income earners between the ages of 18 and 60 years of age were recruited to the study. Modified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD-7), Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI-2), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) tools as appropriate were used to assess anxiety, anger, and depression respectively among our respondents.

Results:

Severe anxiety (68.8%) followed by moderate depression (60.5%) and moderate anger (56.9%) were the most common mental health challenges experienced by low-income earners in Bushenyi district. Awareness of mental healthcare increased with the age of respondents in both males and females. A linear relationship was observed with age and depression (r = 0.154, P = 0.014) while positive correlations were observed between anxiety and anger (r = 0.254, P < 0.001); anxiety and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015) and anger and depression (r = 0.153, P = 0.015).

Conclusion:

The study shows the importance of mental health awareness in low resource settings during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Females were identified as persons at risk to mental depression, while anger was highest amongst young males.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: English Journal: Front Public Health Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fpubh.2021.590458

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: English Journal: Front Public Health Year: 2021 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Fpubh.2021.590458