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Elevated temperature inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in respiratory epithelium independently of IFN-mediated innate immune defenses.
Herder, Vanessa; Dee, Kieran; Wojtus, Joanna K; Epifano, Ilaria; Goldfarb, Daniel; Rozario, Christoforos; Gu, Quan; Da Silva Filipe, Ana; Nomikou, Kyriaki; Nichols, Jenna; Jarrett, Ruth F; Stevenson, Andrew; McFarlane, Steven; Stewart, Meredith E; Szemiel, Agnieszka M; Pinto, Rute M; Masdefiol Garriga, Andreu; Davis, Chris; Allan, Jay; Graham, Sheila V; Murcia, Pablo R; Boutell, Chris.
  • Herder V; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Dee K; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Wojtus JK; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Epifano I; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Goldfarb D; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Rozario C; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Gu Q; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Da Silva Filipe A; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Nomikou K; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Nichols J; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Jarrett RF; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Stevenson A; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • McFarlane S; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Stewart ME; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Szemiel AM; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Pinto RM; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Masdefiol Garriga A; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Davis C; University of Glasgow School of Veterinary Medicine, Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Allan J; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Graham SV; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Murcia PR; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
  • Boutell C; MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research (CVR), Glasgow, Scotland United Kingdom.
PLoS Biol ; 19(12): e3001065, 2021 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1594053
ABSTRACT
The pandemic spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), represents an ongoing international health crisis. A key symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the onset of fever, with a hyperthermic temperature range of 38 to 41°C. Fever is an evolutionarily conserved host response to microbial infection that can influence the outcome of viral pathogenicity and regulation of host innate and adaptive immune responses. However, it remains to be determined what effect elevated temperature has on SARS-CoV-2 replication. Utilizing a three-dimensional (3D) air-liquid interface (ALI) model that closely mimics the natural tissue physiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the respiratory airway, we identify tissue temperature to play an important role in the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Respiratory tissue incubated at 40°C remained permissive to SARS-CoV-2 entry but refractory to viral transcription, leading to significantly reduced levels of viral RNA replication and apical shedding of infectious virus. We identify tissue temperature to play an important role in the differential regulation of epithelial host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection that impact upon multiple pathways, including intracellular immune regulation, without disruption to general transcription or epithelium integrity. We present the first evidence that febrile temperatures associated with COVID-19 inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in respiratory epithelia. Our data identify an important role for tissue temperature in the epithelial restriction of SARS-CoV-2 independently of canonical interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral immune defenses.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Virus Replication / Interferons / Respiratory Mucosa / Epithelial Cells / SARS-CoV-2 / Hot Temperature / Immunity, Innate Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Animals / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: English Journal: PLoS Biol Journal subject: Biology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Virus Replication / Interferons / Respiratory Mucosa / Epithelial Cells / SARS-CoV-2 / Hot Temperature / Immunity, Innate Type of study: Etiology study / Prognostic study Limits: Adolescent / Animals / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Language: English Journal: PLoS Biol Journal subject: Biology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article