Delayed allergic skin reactions to vaccines.
Allergy Asthma Proc
; 43(1): 20-29, 2022 01 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1603559
ABSTRACT
Background:
Recent advances in vaccination against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic have brought allergists and dermatologists to the forefront because both immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions have been reported.Objective:
This literature review focused on delayed reactions to vaccines, including possible causative agents and practical information on how to diagnose, evaluate with patch testing, and manage subsequent dose administration.Methods:
Currently published reviews and case reports in PubMed, along with data on vaccines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention web site. Relevant case reports and reviews that focused on delayed reactions to vaccines were selected.Results:
Most delayed hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines include cutaneous manifestations, which vary from local persistent pruritic nodules to systemic rashes. The onset is usually within a few days but can be delayed by weeks. Multiple excipients have been identified that have been implicated in delayed vaccine reactions, including thimerosal, formaldehyde, aluminum, antibiotics, and gelatin. Treatment with antihistamines, topical corticosteroids, or systemic corticosteroids alleviates symptoms in most patients. Such reactions are generally not contraindications to future vaccination. However, for more-severe reactions, patch testing for causative agents can be used to aid in diagnosis and approach further vaccination.Conclusion:
Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines are not uncommon. If needed, patch testing can be used to confirm agents, including antibiotics, formaldehyde, thimerosal, and aluminum. In most cases, delayed cutaneous reactions are not contraindications to further vaccine administration.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Vaccines
/
Hypersensitivity, Delayed
Type of study:
Diagnostic study
/
Experimental Studies
/
Observational study
/
Reviews
Topics:
Long Covid
/
Vaccines
Limits:
Humans
Country/Region as subject:
North America
Language:
English
Journal:
Allergy Asthma Proc
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
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