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The Effect of Circulating Zinc, Selenium, Copper and Vitamin K1 on COVID-19 Outcomes: A Mendelian Randomization Study.
Sobczyk, Maria K; Gaunt, Tom R.
  • Sobczyk MK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
  • Gaunt TR; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK.
Nutrients ; 14(2)2022 Jan 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1613924
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ABSTRACT
Background &

Aims:

Previous results from observational, interventional studies and in vitro experiments suggest that certain micronutrients possess anti-viral and immunomodulatory activities. In particular, it has been hypothesized that zinc, selenium, copper and vitamin K1 have strong potential for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19. We aimed to test whether genetically predicted Zn, Se, Cu or vitamin K1 levels have a causal effect on COVID-19 related outcomes, including risk of infection, hospitalization and critical illness.

Methods:

We employed a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis. Our genetic variants derived from European-ancestry GWAS reflected circulating levels of Zn, Cu, Se in red blood cells as well as Se and vitamin K1 in serum/plasma. For the COVID-19 outcome GWAS, we used infection, hospitalization or critical illness. Our inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR analysis was complemented by sensitivity analyses including a more liberal selection of variants at a genome-wide sub-significant threshold, MR-Egger and weighted median/mode tests.

Results:

Circulating micronutrient levels show limited evidence of association with COVID-19 infection, with the odds ratio [OR] ranging from 0.97 (95% CI 0.87-1.08, p-value = 0.55) for zinc to 1.07 (95% CI 1.00-1.14, p-value = 0.06)-i.e., no beneficial effect for copper was observed per 1 SD increase in exposure. Similarly minimal evidence was obtained for the hospitalization and critical illness outcomes with OR from 0.98 (95% CI 0.87-1.09, p-value = 0.66) for vitamin K1 to 1.07 (95% CI 0.88-1.29, p-value = 0.49) for copper, and from 0.93 (95% CI 0.72-1.19, p-value = 0.55) for vitamin K1 to 1.21 (95% CI 0.79-1.86, p-value = 0.39) for zinc, respectively.

Conclusions:

This study does not provide evidence that supplementation with zinc, selenium, copper or vitamin K1 can prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, critical illness or hospitalization for COVID-19.
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Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vitamin K 1 / Selenium / Zinc / Copper / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Variants Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Child / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Pregnancy / Young adult Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Nu14020233

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vitamin K 1 / Selenium / Zinc / Copper / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Variants Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Child / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Pregnancy / Young adult Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Nu14020233