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'When will this end? Will it end?' The impact of the March-June 2020 UK COVID-19 lockdown response on mental health: a longitudinal survey of mothers in the Born in Bradford study.
Dickerson, Josie; Kelly, Brian; Lockyer, Bridget; Bridges, Sally; Cartwright, Christopher; Willan, Kathryn; Shire, Katy; Crossley, Kirsty; Bryant, Maria; Siddiqi, Najma; Sheldon, Trevor A; Lawlor, Deborah A; Wright, John; McEachan, Rosemary Rc; Pickett, Kate E.
  • Dickerson J; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK Josie.Dickerson@bthft.nhs.uk.
  • Kelly B; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
  • Lockyer B; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
  • Bridges S; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
  • Cartwright C; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
  • Willan K; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
  • Shire K; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
  • Crossley K; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
  • Bryant M; Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
  • Siddiqi N; Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
  • Sheldon TA; Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK.
  • Lawlor DA; Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK.
  • Wright J; Wolfson Institute for Population Health, Queen Mary University of London and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
  • McEachan RR; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, The University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
  • Pickett KE; Population Health Science, University of Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK.
BMJ Open ; 12(1): e047748, 2022 01 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1622050
Preprint
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ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES:

To explore clinically important increases in depression/anxiety from before to during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown and factors related to this change, with a particular focus on ethnic differences.

DESIGN:

Pre-COVID-19 and lockdown surveys nested within two longitudinal Born in Bradford cohort studies.

PARTICIPANTS:

1860 mothers with a child aged 0-5 or 9-13, 48% Pakistani heritage. MAIN OUTCOME

MEASURES:

ORs for a clinically important increase (5 points or more) in depression (eight item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8)) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7)) in unadjusted regression analyses, repeated with exposures of interest separated by ethnicity to look for differences in magnitude of associations, and lived experience of mothers captured in open text questions.

RESULTS:

The number of women reporting clinically important depression/anxiety increased from 11% to 20% (95% CI 10%-13%; 18%-22%) and from 10% to 16% (95% CI 8%-11%; 15%-18%), respectively. Increases in depression/anxiety were associated with loneliness (OR=8.37, 95% CI 5.70 to 12.27; 8.50, 95% CI 5.71 to 12.65, respectively); financial (6.23, 95% CI 3.96 to 9.80; 6.03, 95% CI 3.82 to 9.51), food (3.33, 95% CI 2.09 to 5.28; 3.46, 95% CI 2.15 to 5.58) and housing insecurity (3.29, 95% CI 2.36 to 4.58; 3.0, 95% CI 2.11 to 4.25); a lack of physical activity (3.13, 95% CI 2.15 to 4.56; 2.55, 95% CI 1.72 to 3.78); and a poor partner relationship (3.6, 95% CI 2.44 to 5.43; 5.1, 95% CI 3.37 to 7.62). The magnitude of associations between key exposures and worsening mental health varied between ethnic groups.Responses to open text questions illustrated a complex interplay of challenges contributing to mental ill health including acute health anxieties; the mental load of managing multiple responsibilities; loss of social support and coping strategies; pressures of financial and employment insecurity; and being unable to switch off from the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS:

Mental ill health has worsened for many during the COVID-19 lockdown, particularly in those who are lonely and economically insecure. The magnitude of associations between key exposures and worsening mental health varied between ethnic groups. Mental health problems may have longer term consequences for public health and interventions that address the potential causes are needed.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Mental Health / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid Limits: Child / Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2020-047748

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Mental Health / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid Limits: Child / Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2020-047748