Treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in a symptomatic patient with Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pneumonia
Oncology Research and Treatment
; 44(SUPPL 2):293, 2021.
Article
in English
| EMBASE | ID: covidwho-1623601
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
In December 2019, a new variant of a coronavirus led to a pandemic outbreak. Patients with haematological malignancies are at high risk for a severe progression of COVID-19 with high mortality rates. Case report 54-year-old patient was tested positive for COVID-19 upon admission. The CT scan showed bilateral ground-glass pulmonary opacities. He received dexamethasone and remdesivir. Due to severe thrombocytopenia and detection of blasts in peripheral blood a bone marrow biopsy was done. Cytological and molecular results confirmed the diagnosis intermediate risk APL. We started a therapy with arsenic trioxide and all-trans retinoic acid (ATO/ATRA). The white blood cells (WBC) increased and the respiratory situation worsened. The patient developed a thrombophlebitis. Bleeding complications appeared as an epistaxis, which required an intervention. 28 days after starting the induction, the bone marrow biopsy showed < 5% blasts. A complete peripheral remission was documented on day 50.Discussion:
A major concern in treating APL is the differentiation syndrome, which can ultimately result in pulmonary failure. This patient presented with severely impaired lung function due to simultaneous COVID-19 pneumonitis. Therapy of APL had to consider both clinical conditions. Key decisions were (beyond antiviral therapy and supportive measures) a consequent dosing of glucocorticoids and early cytoreductive therapy using hydroxyurea (HU). The pulmonary function was critical during days 7-15 after start of APL therapy, consistent with differentiation syndrome being the main cause of worsening, and clinically met by stop of ATO/ATRA. Another concern was coagulation dysfunction, given the high risk of thromboembolic complications associated with COVID-19, the severe thrombocytopenia and plasmatic coagulation disorder caused by APL. In this case - besides supportive platelet transfusions - we treated by low dose heparin only when a thrombophlebitis occurred. Overall in this patient presenting with COVID-19 and simultaneously APL, the most challenging problem was overcoming pulmonary worsening in the initial phase of APL therapy.
arsenic, trioxide; dexamethasone; glass; heparin; hydroxyurea; remdesivir; retinoic, acid; adult; antiviral, therapy; bone, marrow, biopsy; cancer, patient; case, report; clinical, article; complication; conference, abstract; coronavirus, disease, 2019; differentiation, syndrome; drug, combination; drug, therapy; epistaxis; human; human, cell; leukocyte; low, drug, dose; lung, function; lung, insufficiency; male; middle, aged; promyelocytic, leukemia; remission; thrombocyte, transfusion; thrombocytopenia; thrombophlebitis; x-ray, computed, tomography
Full text:
Available
Collection:
Databases of international organizations
Database:
EMBASE
Language:
English
Journal:
Oncology Research and Treatment
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
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