The effect of nutritional micronutrients in immune system against coronavirus disease (COVID-19)

ABSTRACT

According to preliminary research, recovery from coronavirus disease needs a strong immune response across multiple cell types (COVID-19). The latest coronavirus pandemic is affecting people all over the world. The virus is known to infect several tissues and, in extreme cases, can lead to respiratory failure. The immune system must be healthy to prevent the disease from progressing to this stage and to limit the damage caused by the Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Nutritional health is important for effective immunological defence and, as a result, a good response to SARS-CoV-2. Micronutrients help immune cells conduct functions that are critical for stopping SARS-CoV-2. Their regular intake is part of a non-pharmacological strategy to maintain the immune system in good shape. Various micronutrients play a critical role in the interactions between the host immune system and viruses, like COVID-19, according to a large number of studies. The relationship between micronutrient status, the host immune response, and pathogenic virus virulence is complex and multifaceted. Micronutrients are essential for the coordinated recruitment of innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infections, as well as the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory host responses. Furthermore, insufficient micronutrients not only impair the immune system's ability to fight viral infections, but also lead to the development of more virulent strains by altering the viral genome's genetic makeup. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence that indicates micronutrients play a role in COVID-19 transmission, morbidity, and mortality. When considering the use of micronutrients in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infection, both the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among infected individuals and the impact of micronutrient supplementation on immune responses and overall disease outcome may be of great interest. These studies may be extremely useful in dealing with potential viral outbreaks.