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Education inequalities in overall mortality during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.
Alicandro, Gianfranco; Corsetti, Gianni; Battaglini, Marco; Prati, Sabrina; Frova, Luisa.
  • Alicandro G; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan (Italy); gianfranco.alicandro@unimi.it.
  • Corsetti G; Directorate for Social Statistics and Welfare, Division of Integrated System for Health, Social Assistance and Welfare, Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat), Rome (Italy).
  • Battaglini M; Cystic Fibrosis centre, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (Italy).
  • Prati S; Directorate for Social Statistics and Population Census, Division of Population Register, Demographic and Living Conditions Statistics, Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat), Rome (Italy).
  • Frova L; Directorate for Social Statistics and Population Census, Division of Population Register, Demographic and Living Conditions Statistics, Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat), Rome (Italy).
Epidemiol Prev ; 45(6): 463-469, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1629663
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

there is increasing concern that the COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected the most vulnerable individuals.

OBJECTIVES:

to determine whether education inequalities have widened during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

DESIGN:

historic cohort study based on administrative databases. SETTING AND

PARTICIPANTS:

the study was based on subjects registered in the Base Register of Individuals on 01.01.2019, aged >=35 years, and followed-up until 30.06.2020. MAIN OUTCOME

MEASURES:

education inequalities in mortality before, during the first phase (March-April), and during the second phase (May-June) of the first pandemic wave in Italy were measured through the mortality rate ratios (MRRs). MMRs were estimated through negative binomial models. The interaction term between period and education was tested through the likelihood ratio test.

RESULTS:

the cohort included 37,976,670 individuals, and 719,665 of them died over the follow-up. In high pandemic areas, the MRR among less educated men were 1.48 (95%CI 1.42-1.55) in the pre-pandemic period, 1.45 (95%CI 1.36-1.55) in the first phase and 1.42 (95%CI 1.30-1.56) in the second phase of the pandemic (p-value 0.92). Corresponding figures among women were 1.26 (95%CI 1.21-1.32), 1.39 (95%CI 1.30-1.49), and 1.35 (95%CI 1.23-1.48); p-value 0.03. The MRRs substantially increased in the first pandemic phase among women aged 35-64 years (from 1.48 to 1.98; p-value; 0.011) and 65-79 years (from 1.22 to 1.51; p-value 0.017). During the second phase, the MRRs returned to the values observed before the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS:

in Italy, education inequality in mortality widened during the COVID-19 pandemic among working-age women and those aged 65-79 years.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Aged / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: Epidemiol Prev Journal subject: Epidemiology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Aged / Female / Humans / Male Country/Region as subject: Europa Language: English Journal: Epidemiol Prev Journal subject: Epidemiology Year: 2021 Document Type: Article