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[Asthma and COVID-19]. / Asma y COVID-19.
López-Tiro, José Jesús; Contreras-Contreras, Elvia Angélica; Cruz-Arellanes, Nancy Nayeli; Camargo-Pirrón, Mario Alberto; Cabrera-Buendía, Erick Oswaldo; Ramírez-Pérez, Guadalupe Isadora; Vega-Acevedo, Guillermo.
  • López-Tiro JJ; Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado, Hospital Regional Lic. Adolfo López Mateos, Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Ciudad de México, México. lopeztiro1@hotmail.com.
Rev Alerg Mex ; 69 Suppl 1: s15-s23, 2022.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2299118
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has collapsed the health systems of many countries in the world and comorbidities in adults have exponentially increased their mortality; in matters of asthma, it has not been possible to establish a defining relationship in mortality. The clinical manifestations of asthmatic patients with SARS COV 2 are presented in a wide range; from asymptomatic to those who experience acute respiratory failure. The most sensitive method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is RT-PCR. Antigen and serologic tests are quicker than RT-PCR, but they are less sensitive. Radiologic studies and the computed tomography of the chest assist in the diagnosis and follow-up of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The use of spirometry for diagnosis and follow-up is restricted due to the elevated risk of contagion. It has been shown that eosinophilia and TH2 inflammation, due to their antiviral immune effect, are protective factors against severe SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Patients with mild asthma express less angiotensin converting enzyme receptors (ACE2), and those with neutrophilic asthma express it in greater proportion, which suggests more severe presentations of COVID-19. The conventional asthma treatment modulates the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 immune response, which is why patients with controlled asthma have non-severe manifestations of COVID 19, however, the mechanisms are not clear.
RESUMEN
La pandemia de COVID-19 ha colapsado los sistemas de salud de muchos países del mundo y las comorbilidades en adultos han incrementado exponencialmente su mortalidad; respecto al asma, no se ha podido establecer una relación determinante en la mortalidad. Las manifestaciones clínicas del paciente con asma y SARS-CoV-2 se presentan con una amplia gama, desde asintomáticas hasta las que experimentan insuficiencia respiratoria aguda. El método más sensible para el diagnóstico de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 es la RT-PCR. Las pruebas de antígeno y serológicas son más rápidas que la RT-PCR, pero menos sensibles. Los estudios radiológicos y la tomografía computarizada de tórax auxilian en el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. El uso de la espirometría se restringe para el diagnóstico y seguimiento debido al alto riesgo de contagio. Se ha demostrado que la eosinofilia y la inflamación TH2, debido a su efecto inmunológico antivírico, son factores protectores contra SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 severo. Los pacientes con asma leve expresan menos receptores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (ECA2) y aquellos con asma neutrofílica expresan mayor proporción, lo que sugiere presentaciones más severas de COVID-19. El tratamiento convencional del asma modula la respuesta inmunitaria del SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, por lo cual, los pacientes con asma controlados tienen manifestaciones no graves de COVID-19, aunque los mecanismos no están claros.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Asthma / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev Alerg Mex Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Asthma / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: Spanish Journal: Rev Alerg Mex Journal subject: Allergy and Immunology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article