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Depression, anxiety, and stress and socio-demographic correlates among general Indian public during COVID-19.
Verma, Shankey; Mishra, Aditi.
  • Verma S; Jindal Institute of Behavioural Sciences, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India.
  • Mishra A; School of Forensic Science and Risk Management, Raksha Shakti University, Ahmedabad, India.
Int J Soc Psychiatry ; 66(8): 756-762, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1638753
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

The severe outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the mental health of Indians.

AIM:

The objective of this article was to find the prevalence rates of depression, anxiety and stress and their socio-demographic correlates among Indian population during the lockdown to contain the spread of COVID-19.

METHODS:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted using an electronic questionnaire. A total of 354 participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Depression, anxiety and stress were measured using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), a 21-item self-reported questionnaire.

RESULTS:

In total, 25%, 28% and 11.6% of the participants were moderate to extremely severely depressed, anxious and stressed, respectively. Binary logistic regressions indicated employment status (odds ratio (OR) = 1.91; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.072-3.418) and binge drinking (OR = 2.03; 95% CI 1.045-3.945) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms; gender (OR = 2.17; 95% CI 1.317-3.589), employment status (OR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.002-3.141) and binge drinking (OR = 2.62; 95% CI 1.361-5.048) were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms; and binge drinking (OR = 3.42; 95% CI 1.544-7.583) was significantly associated with stress symptoms.

CONCLUSION:

Depression, anxiety and stress among Indian population during the lockdown were prevalent. Along with other measures to contain the spread of COVID-19, mental health of citizens needs the urgent attention of the Indian government and mental health experts. Further large-scale studies should be conducted on different professions and communities such as health care professionals and migrant workers and incorporate other mental health indicators.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Anxiety / Pneumonia, Viral / Stress, Psychological / Mental Health / Coronavirus Infections / Depression Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Int J Soc Psychiatry Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 0020764020934508

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Anxiety / Pneumonia, Viral / Stress, Psychological / Mental Health / Coronavirus Infections / Depression Type of study: Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged / Young adult Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Int J Soc Psychiatry Year: 2020 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 0020764020934508