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Behavioral Changes, Adaptation, and Supports among Indonesian Female Sex Workers Facing Dual Risk of COVID-19 and HIV in a Pandemic.
Wirawan, Gede Benny Setia; Wardhani, Brigitta Dhyah K; Pradnyani, Putu Erma; Nurhalina, Afriana; Sulaiman, Nurjannah; Sukmaningrum, Evi; Wulandari, Luh Putu Lila; Januraga, Pande Putu.
  • Wirawan GBS; Center for Public Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80113, Indonesia.
  • Wardhani BDK; Center for Public Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80113, Indonesia.
  • Pradnyani PE; Center for Public Health Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80113, Indonesia.
  • Nurhalina A; Ministry of Health, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia.
  • Sulaiman N; Ministry of Health, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia.
  • Sukmaningrum E; Faculty of Psychology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12930, Indonesia.
  • Wulandari LPL; Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia.
  • Januraga PP; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar 80113, Indonesia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health ; 19(3)2022 01 26.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1648423
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to explore the impacts of COVID-19 and changes taking place among the Indonesian female sex worker (FSW) community during the COVID-19 pandemic and the predictors of these changes. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey and selected the participants using a purposive snowball sampling technique. Incentives were provided to participants in the form of a 5 USD e-wallet balance. Variables of interest included adaptation to online sex work, adherence to COVID-19 prevention measures during sex work, number of clients, income reduction, social support, condom access, and condom use frequency. Sociodemographic data and COVID-19 fear index values were also collected. Final analysis included 951 FSWs, of whom 36.4% of had adapted to online sex work and 48.6% had practiced COVID-19 prevention measures. Major reductions in client frequency and income were reported by 67.8% and 71.1% of respondents, respectively. However, only 36.3% of FSWs reported they had ever received any form of social support from any parties, public or private. Meanwhile, 16.7% encountered difficulties in accessing condoms and 12.5% reported less frequent condom use during the pandemic. Easy access to condoms was the main factor influencing the frequency of condom use. As expected, staying in employment protected FSWs from major income loss, while education and younger age predicted adaptive behavioral changes, such as taking up online sex work. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted access to socioeconomic support systems and HIV prevention services among FSWs and has further exposed them to the dual jeopardy of HIV and COVID-19 infections.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: HIV Infections / Sex Workers / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Variants Limits: Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ijerph19031361

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: HIV Infections / Sex Workers / COVID-19 Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Variants Limits: Female / Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ijerph19031361