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Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States: Quantifying and contextualizing variation.
Danielsen, Ann Caroline; Lee, Katharine Mn; Boulicault, Marion; Rushovich, Tamara; Gompers, Annika; Tarrant, Amelia; Reiches, Meredith; Shattuck-Heidorn, Heather; Miratrix, Luke W; Richardson, Sarah S.
  • Danielsen AC; Harvard GenderSci Lab, Boylston Hall G-34, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA. Electronic address: adanielsen@hsph.harvard.edu.
  • Lee KM; Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8100, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
  • Boulicault M; Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, 259 North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
  • Rushovich T; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
  • Gompers A; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
  • Tarrant A; Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
  • Reiches M; Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
  • Shattuck-Heidorn H; Women and Gender Studies, University of Southern Maine, 94 Bedford Street, Portland, ME, 04102, USA.
  • Miratrix LW; Harvard Graduate School of Education, 13 Appian Way, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
  • Richardson SS; Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, 1 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Committee on Degrees in Studies of Women, Gender, and Sexuality, Harvard University, Boylston Hall, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
Soc Sci Med ; 294: 114716, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1650771
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the first longitudinal study of sex disparities in COVID-19 cases and mortalities across U.S. states, derived from the unique 13-month dataset of the U.S. Gender/Sex COVID-19 Data Tracker. To analyze sex disparities, weekly case and mortality rates by sex and mortality rate ratios were computed for each U.S. state, and a multilevel crossed-effects conditional logistic binomial regression model was fitted to estimate the variation of the sex disparity in mortality over time and across states. Results demonstrate considerable variation in the sex disparity in COVID-19 cases and mortalities over time and between states. These data suggest that the sex disparity, when present, is modest, and likely varies in relation to context-sensitive variables, which may include health behaviors, preexisting health status, occupation, race/ethnicity, and other markers of social experience.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Soc Sci Med Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: North America Language: English Journal: Soc Sci Med Year: 2022 Document Type: Article