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Mechanisms contributing to adverse outcomes of COVID-19 in obesity.
Sudhakar, Manu; Winfred, Sofi Beaula; Meiyazhagan, Gowri; Venkatachalam, Deepa Parvathy.
  • Sudhakar M; Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, India. Manu.Sudhakar@gmail.com.
  • Winfred SB; Department of Biochemistry, Amrita School of Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India. Manu.Sudhakar@gmail.com.
  • Meiyazhagan G; Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sri Balaji Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, India.
  • Venkatachalam DP; Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India.
Mol Cell Biochem ; 477(4): 1155-1193, 2022 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1653634
ABSTRACT
A growing amount of epidemiological data from multiple countries indicate an increased prevalence of obesity, more importantly central obesity, among hospitalized subjects with COVID-19. This suggests that obesity is a major factor contributing to adverse outcome of the disease. As it is a metabolic disorder with dysregulated immune and endocrine function, it is logical that dysfunctional metabolism contributes to the mechanisms behind obesity being a risk factor for adverse outcome in COVID-19. Emerging data suggest that in obese subjects, (a) the molecular mechanisms of viral entry and spread mediated through ACE2 receptor, a multifunctional host cell protein which links to cellular homeostasis mechanisms, are affected. This includes perturbation of the physiological renin-angiotensin system pathway causing pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic challenges (b) existent metabolic overload and ER stress-induced UPR pathway make obese subjects vulnerable to severe COVID-19, (c) host cell response is altered involving reprogramming of metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms involving microRNAs in line with changes in obesity, and (d) adiposopathy with altered endocrine, adipokine, and cytokine profile contributes to altered immune cell metabolism, systemic inflammation, and vascular endothelial dysfunction, exacerbating COVID-19 pathology. In this review, we have examined the available literature on the underlying mechanisms contributing to obesity being a risk for adverse outcome in COVID-19.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Body Mass Index / Intra-Abdominal Fat / Adiposity / COVID-19 / Obesity Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Mol Cell Biochem Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S11010-022-04356-w

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Body Mass Index / Intra-Abdominal Fat / Adiposity / COVID-19 / Obesity Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Mol Cell Biochem Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S11010-022-04356-w