Mini review ATF4 and GRP78 as novel molecular targets in ER-Stress modulation for critical COVID-19 patients.
Mol Biol Rep
; 49(2): 1545-1549, 2022 Feb.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1653637
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has resulted in more than 4.4 million deaths worldwide as of August 24, 2021. Viral infections such as SARS-CoV2 are associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and also increased the level of reactive oxygen species. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is preferentially translated under integrated stress conditions and controls the genes involved in protein homeostasis, amino acid transport and metabolism, and also protection from oxidative stress. The GRP78, regulated either directly or indirectly by ATF4, is an essential chaperone in the ER and overexpressed and appears on the surface of almost all cells during stress and function as a SARS-CoV2 receptor. In this mini-review article, we briefly discuss the effects of SARS-CoV2 infection on the ER stress, and then the stress modulator functions of ATF4 and GRP78 as novel therapeutic targets were highlighted. Finally, the effects of GRP78 inhibitory components as potential factors for targeted therapies for COVID-19 critical cases were discussed.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Activating Transcription Factor 4
/
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
/
COVID-19
/
Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
Type of study:
Observational study
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Mol Biol Rep
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S11033-021-07071-9
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