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Longitudinal immune profiling reveals dominant epitopes mediating long-term humoral immunity in COVID-19-convalescent individuals.
Li, Min; Liu, Jiaojiao; Lu, Renfei; Zhang, Yuchao; Du, Meng; Xing, Man; Wu, Zhenchuan; Kong, Xiangyin; Zhu, Yufei; Zhou, Xianchao; Hu, Landian; Zhang, Chiyu; Zhou, Dongming; Jin, Xia.
  • Li M; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
  • Liu J; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
  • Lu R; Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China.
  • Zhang Y; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
  • Du M; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
  • Xing M; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
  • Wu Z; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
  • Kong X; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
  • Zhu Y; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
  • Zhou X; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
  • Hu L; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: ldhu2013@163.com.
  • Zhang C; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: zhangcy1999@shphc.org.cn.
  • Zhou D; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China. Electronic address: zhoudongming@tmu.edu.cn.
  • Jin X; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address: jinxia@serum-china.com.cn.
J Allergy Clin Immunol ; 149(4): 1225-1241, 2022 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1654641
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic and contagious coronavirus that caused a global pandemic with 5.2 million fatalities to date. Questions concerning serologic features of long-term immunity, especially dominant epitopes mediating durable antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection, remain to be elucidated.

OBJECTIVE:

We aimed to dissect the kinetics and longevity of immune responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, as well as the epitopes responsible for sustained long-term humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

METHODS:

We assessed SARS-CoV-2 immune dynamics up to 180 to 220 days after disease onset in 31 individuals who predominantly experienced moderate symptoms of COVID-19, then performed a proteome-wide profiling of dominant epitopes responsible for persistent humoral immune responses.

RESULTS:

Longitudinal analysis revealed sustained SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in COVID-19 patients, along with activation of cytokine production at early stages after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Highly reactive epitopes that were capable of mediating long-term antibody responses were shown to be located at the spike and ORF1ab proteins. Key epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were mapped to the N-terminal domain of the S1 subunit and the S2 subunit, with varying degrees of sequence homology among endemic human coronaviruses and high sequence identity between the early SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) and current circulating variants.

CONCLUSION:

SARS-CoV-2 infection induces persistent humoral immunity in COVID-19-convalescent individuals by targeting dominant epitopes located at the spike and ORF1ab proteins that mediate long-term immune responses. Our findings provide a path to aid rational vaccine design and diagnostic development.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.JACI.2022.01.005

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: J Allergy Clin Immunol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.JACI.2022.01.005