One Health and human health

ABSTRACT

The "One Health" concept emphasizes interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral, and cross-regional communication and cooperation to achieve unity of health for humans, animals, and the environment. The One Health strategy is designed to provide early warning and effective preventative monitoring for emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. Since the avian flu crisis in the Asia-Pacific region, the World Organization for Animal Health and the World Health Organization have been working together to provide strong leadership to endorse the One Health concept and promote interagency and intersectoral collaboration. While the COVID-19 epidemic has been a major disaster for mankind, it has also resulted in a broad consensus on the concept of One Health among governments and international organizations, emphasizing action to jointly deal with common problems facing human health. Climate change, fragmentation and pollution of habitats, and the consequent loss of biodiversity and degradation of the natural environment threaten Earth's ecosystems. These changes also drive the emergence of infectious diseases, with negative health outcomes for humans, animals, and the environment. Historically, interventions in human and agricultural health problems did not always consider wildlife or environmental health, which has led to unintended consequences. One Health recognizes the interdependence of humans, animals, and the environment, and provides a conceptual framework for the development of interventions to optimize outcomes for human-animal-environmental health. However, it is necessary to clearly articulate the core values, goals, and objectives of One Health for all relevant sectors to maximize synergies in communication, coordination, collaboration, and, ultimately, joint action on disease control and prevention. The application of systems and harm reduction methods, focusing on the socio-economic and environmental determinants of health and ensuring good governance and effective leadership, will also maximize the opportunities to create "win-win" solutions for global health and environmental challenges. These solutions will help drive One Health to achieve its full potential and optimize health outcomes for all. In recent decades, One Health has become increasingly recognized around the world-i.e., that supporting a multisectoral, collaborative One Health strategy is the best way to address health threats at the human-animal-environmental level. The One Health method is increasingly popular in the context of the growing threats of climate change, emerging zoonoses, and antimicrobial drug resistance. During the last decade, country after country has implemented the One Health method and has shown benefits;the concept of One Health has become the international standard for zoonotic disease control. This call for transdisciplinary collaboration among professionals in human, animal, and environmental health has achieved multiple successes in zoonotic disease control, surveillance, and research. This article gives an overview of the development and application of One Health in addressing current issues, including emerging infectious diseases, antibiotic resistance, environmental health, and foodborne diseases. © 2022, Science Press. All right reserved.