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Sexual dimorphism in COVID-19: potential clinical and public health implications.
Bechmann, Nicole; Barthel, Andreas; Schedl, Andreas; Herzig, Stephan; Varga, Zsuzsanna; Gebhard, Catherine; Mayr, Manuel; Hantel, Constanze; Beuschlein, Felix; Wolfrum, Christian; Perakakis, Nikolaos; Poston, Lucilla; Andoniadou, Cynthia L; Siow, Richard; Gainetdinov, Raul R; Dotan, Arad; Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Mingrone, Geltrude; Bornstein, Stefan R.
  • Bechmann N; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
  • Barthel A; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Medicover Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
  • Schedl A; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, Nice, France.
  • Herzig S; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program Inner Medicine I, Neuherberg, Germany.
  • Varga Z; Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Gebhard C; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Mayr M; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
  • Hantel C; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Beuschlein F; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland; Department for Endocrinology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
  • Wolfrum C; Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
  • Perakakis N; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
  • Poston L; Division of Women's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
  • Andoniadou CL; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, Faculty of Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
  • Siow R; King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK; Vascular Biology and Inflammation Section, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
  • Gainetdinov RR; Institute of Translational Biomedicine and St Petersburg University Hospital, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia.
  • Dotan A; The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
  • Shoenfeld Y; The Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel; Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
  • Mingrone G; Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome,
  • Bornstein SR; Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Diabetes, School of Life Course Science and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK. Electronic address: stefan.bornstein@uniklinikum-dresden.de.
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol ; 10(3): 221-230, 2022 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1665596
ABSTRACT
Current evidence suggests that severity and mortality of COVID-19 is higher in men than in women, whereas women might be at increased risk of COVID-19 reinfection and development of long COVID. Differences between sexes have been observed in other infectious diseases and in the response to vaccines. Sex-specific expression patterns of proteins mediating virus binding and entry, and divergent reactions of the immune and endocrine system, in particular the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, in response to acute stress might explain the higher severity of COVID-19 in men. In this Personal View, we discuss how sex hormones, comorbidities, and the sex chromosome complement influence these mechanisms in the context of COVID-19. Due to its role in the severity and progression of SARS-CoV-2 infections, we argue that sexual dimorphism has potential implications for disease treatment, public health measures, and follow-up of patients predisposed to the development of long COVID. We suggest that sex differences could be considered in future pandemic surveillance and treatment of patients with COVID-19 to help to achieve better disease stratification and improved outcomes.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Sex Characteristics / Health Status Disparities / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S2213-8587(21)00346-6

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Sex Characteristics / Health Status Disparities / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S2213-8587(21)00346-6