Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children With COVID-19.
Pediatr Neurol
; 129: 1-6, 2022 04.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1671017
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) involves multiple organs and shows increased inflammatory markers. Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several studies have reported the association between severe COVID-19 and MIS-C. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) presents with thunderclap headaches and multifocal reversible vasoconstriction on imaging. RCVS is very rare in children. This article reports two cases of pediatric COVID-19 with severe MIS-C and clinical and imaging features indicative of RCVS.METHODS:
Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data of the patients were reviewed. The diagnosis of RCVS was confirmed based on clinical symptomatology and brain magnetic resonance imaging findings.RESULTS:
Two pediatric patients with clinical findings compatible with severe MIS-C and hemodynamic compromise presented to the hospital. During their hospitalization course, they developed thunderclap headaches and neurological deficits. Both were receiving vasoactive agents, intravenous immunoglobulin, and immunosuppressants. Imaging studies showed marked multifocal cerebral vasoconstriction in both cases and infarcts in one. The course and management of the patients will be presented. After controlling inflammation and elimination of triggers, both patients were ultimately symptom free upon discharge. Cerebral vasoconstriction had completely resolved on follow-up imaging.CONCLUSIONS:
Although a variety of symptoms including headaches may be seen in pediatric COVID-19 patients with MIS-C, RCVS should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of thunderclap headache accompanied by neurological signs in these patients. Imaging findings and follow-up are also key in establishing the diagnosis.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Cerebrovascular Disorders
/
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Case report
/
Cohort study
/
Diagnostic study
/
Prognostic study
Topics:
Long Covid
Limits:
Child
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
Language:
English
Journal:
Pediatr Neurol
Journal subject:
Neurology
/
Pediatrics
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.pediatrneurol.2021.12.013
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