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Age-related differences in SARS-CoV-2 binding factors: An explanation for reduced susceptibility to severe COVID-19 among children?
Abrehart, Thomas; Suryadinata, Randy; McCafferty, Conor; Jacobson, Jonathan; Ignjatovic, Vera; Robinson, Phil; Crawford, Nigel W; Monagle, Paul; Subbarao, Kanta; Satzke, Catherine; Wurzel, Danielle.
  • Abrehart T; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. Electronic address: tabrehart@student.unimelb.edu.au.
  • Suryadinata R; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
  • McCafferty C; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Haematology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Jacobson J; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
  • Ignjatovic V; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Haematology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Robinson P; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
  • Crawford NW; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
  • Monagle P; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Haematology, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.
  • Subbarao K; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victo
  • Satzke C; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infe
  • Wurzel D; Department of Paediatrics, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Melbourne Schoo
Paediatr Respir Rev ; 2022 Feb 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1671059
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT In contrast with other respiratory viruses, children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are largely spared from severe COVID-19.

OBJECTIVES:

To critically assess age-related differences in three host proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) and furin.

METHODS:

We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and PubMed databases for relevant publications. Studies were eligible if they evaluated ACE2, TMPRSS2 or furin expression, methylation, or protein level in children.

RESULTS:

Sixteen papers were included. Age-dependent differences in membrane-bound and soluble ACE2 were shown in several studies, with ACE2 expression increasing with age. TMPRSS2 and furin are key proteases involved in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein cleavage. TMPRSS2 expression is increased by circulating androgens and is thus low in pre-pubertal children. Furin has not currently been well researched.

LIMITATIONS:

High levels of study heterogeneity.

CONCLUSIONS:

Low expression of key host proteins may partially explain the reduced incidence of severe COVID-19 among children, although further research is needed.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Reviews Language: English Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Reviews Language: English Journal subject: Pediatrics Year: 2022 Document Type: Article