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Suspect screening of wastewaters to trace anti-COVID-19 drugs: Potential adverse effects on aquatic environment.
Cappelli, Francesca; Longoni, Orietta; Rigato, Jacopo; Rusconi, Michele; Sala, Alberto; Fochi, Igor; Palumbo, Maria Teresa; Polesello, Stefano; Roscioli, Claudio; Salerno, Franco; Stefani, Fabrizio; Bettinetti, Roberta; Valsecchi, Sara.
  • Cappelli F; Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy; University of Insubria, Department of Human Science of the Innovation for the Territory, 22100 Como, CO, Italy. Electronic address: francesca.cappelli@irsa.cnr.it.
  • Longoni O; BrianzAcque s.r.l., 20090 Monza, MB, Italy.
  • Rigato J; BrianzAcque s.r.l., 20090 Monza, MB, Italy.
  • Rusconi M; BrianzAcque s.r.l., 20090 Monza, MB, Italy.
  • Sala A; BrianzAcque s.r.l., 20090 Monza, MB, Italy.
  • Fochi I; Thermo Fisher Scientific s.p.a., 20090 Rodano, MI, Italy.
  • Palumbo MT; Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
  • Polesello S; Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
  • Roscioli C; Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
  • Salerno F; Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
  • Stefani F; Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
  • Bettinetti R; University of Insubria, Department of Human Science of the Innovation for the Territory, 22100 Como, CO, Italy.
  • Valsecchi S; Water Research Institute-National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), 20861 Brugherio, MB, Italy.
Sci Total Environ ; 824: 153756, 2022 Jun 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1676911
ABSTRACT
During the first period of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the lack of specific therapeutic treatments led to the provisional use of a number of drugs, with a continuous review of health protocols when new scientific evidence emerged. The management of this emergency sanitary situation could not take care of the possible indirect adverse effects on the environment, such as the release of a large amount of pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants. The massive use of drugs, which were never used so widely until then, implied new risks for the aquatic environment. In this study, a suspect screening approach using Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry techniques, allowed us to survey the presence of pharmaceuticals used for COVID-19 treatment in three WWTPs of Lombardy region, where the first European cluster of SARS-CoV-2 cases was detected. Starting from a list of sixty-three suspect compounds used against COVID-19 (including some metabolites and transformation products), six compounds were fully identified and monitored together with other target analytes, mainly pharmaceuticals of common use. A monthly monitoring campaign was conducted in a WWTP from April to December 2020 and the temporal trends of some anti-COVID-19 drugs were positively correlated with those of COVID-19 cases and deaths. The comparison of the average emission loads among the three WWTPs evidenced that the highest loads of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin were measured in the WWTP which received the sewages from a hospital specializing in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The monitoring of the receiving water bodies evidenced the presence of eight compounds of high ecological concern, whose risk was assessed in terms of toxicity and the possibility of inducing antibiotic and viral resistance. The results clearly showed that the enhanced, but not completely justified, use of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin represented a risk for antibiotic resistance in the aquatic ecosystems.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Water Pollutants, Chemical / COVID-19 / COVID-19 Drug Treatment Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Sci Total Environ Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Water Pollutants, Chemical / COVID-19 / COVID-19 Drug Treatment Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Sci Total Environ Year: 2022 Document Type: Article