Allergic reactions of COVID-19 vaccine in a teaching hospital

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Because of the epidemic, countries have begun to administer the COVID-19 vaccine. The adverse reactions (ADRs) following the vaccine can be divided into three categories. Categories are allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, vasovagal reaction including vasovagal syncope and vaccine side effects including local and systemic. Allergic reactions occurring within 5-30 minutes are considered as autoimmune problems, and the problems caused are usually unpredictable and may be serious. Objectives: For further analysis of the types of allergic reactions, medical professionals could remind the patient, prepare the responder as soon as possible, and as a reference for diagnosis and related treatment. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study that analyzes the notification data of adverse drug reaction cases in a regional hospital from March 30 to July 31, 2021, including the AstraZeneca® (AZ) brand and the Moderna® brand. And analyze whether the discomfort immediately after vaccination is Allergic reactions, vasovagal reaction or vaccine side effects. Results: The total number of COVID-19 vaccines administered under the AZ® brand was 27,131, and Moderna® had a total of 9,203 people. A total of 80 adverse events were received. The AZ ® brand had 75 and the Moderna® brand had 5 ADRs. Among the ADRs of AZ®, there are 17 allergic reactions (22.67%), 1 vasovagal reaction reaction, and 57 vaccine side effects. Among the ADRs of Moderna®, there are 3 allergic reactions (60.00%), 0 vasovagal reaction reactions, and 2 vaccine side effects. Out of a total of 20 Allergic reactions, 20 cases require additional processing to deal with side effects. These side effects include problems related to the injection site (redness at the injection site∗2, itching at the injection site∗5, rash at the injection site∗3, soreness at the injection site, pain at the injection site, swollen left upper arm∗2, red upper left arm, lower arm Itchy rash on the other side of the armpit∗2), skin-related problems (red rash on the chest with oxygen, hives∗2, itchy rash on the face and neck∗2, skin rash∗4), other problems (wheezing, vomiting∗3, red and swollen eyes, chest tightness, dizziness). Among them, one case was reported as a 'serious adverse event', who died eight hours after vaccination. Conclusion: In the ADR of AZ®, 22.67% of allergic reactions is allergic reactions, which is 0.63 of the number of people who were administered. Although the proportion is not high, the adverse reactions caused by autoimmunity are likely to become very serious. Medical professionals should pay more attention to these information before administering the vaccine.