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Pratique clinique et pluralismes en psychiatrie
Annales Medico Psychologiques ; 180(2):163-170, 2022.
Article in English | Academic Search Complete | ID: covidwho-1682890
ABSTRACT
En psychiatrie, de nombreuses tentatives se sont réclamées pluralistes, depuis les approches kraepelinienne et meyérienne jusqu'au modèle biopsychosocial, en passant par l'approche jasperienne ou le modèle psychanalytique freudien. Jean Garrabé lui-même a cherché à s'inscrire dans cette dynamique, en considérant l'existence de différentes perspectives dans le paysage psychiatrique. L'objectif de cet article est de retracer d'éventuelles continuités entre la pensée de Jean Garrabé et les enjeux nosologiques contemporains axés autour du pluralisme. Nous partirons pour cela d'un des leitmotivs de l'auteur, selon lequel l'histoire peut renseigner la construction des classifications psychiatriques. Dans la première partie, nous rappellerons la diversité des perspectives en philosophie de la psychiatrie et en philosophie des sciences. Dans la seconde partie, nous verrons comment Jean Garrabé a su discuter, plus ou moins explicitement, trois axes actuellement développés dans les propositions de modélisations contemporaines de la psychiatrie. La première partie détaille les relations que Jean Garrabé a entretenues avec la philosophie des sciences. Nous analysons trois exemples nosographiques témoignant de la diversité de ces échanges. La seconde partie étudie trois axes conceptuels développés au sein des modélisations et des classifications contemporaines – à savoir la dynamique, la hiérarchie et la dimensionnalité des troubles psychiatriques. La pensée de Jean Garrabé est marquée par l'empreinte du pluralisme et des trois axes que nous avons identifiés. Le premier axe concerne son intérêt pour la dynamique temporelle des phénomènes psychopathologiques, évoluant dans le temps de manière synchronique et diachronique. Le deuxième concerne son intérêt pour la hiérarchisation des troubles et des éléments sémiologiques, que ce soit via une intuition de validité comme chez Kraepelin, ou via des études statistiques comme dans les taxonomies contemporaines. Le troisième axe correspond à l'intérêt de Jean Garrabé pour la dimensionnalité, qui prend en compte l'étude des fonctionnements sous-jacents aux troubles psychiatriques, qu'ils soient phénoménologiques ou physiopathologiques. The consideration of a plurality of perspectives is highlighted in a various number of medical and scientific disciplines. For example, in psychiatry, many attempts claiming to be pluralism have been carried out over the course of the discipline, e.g. Kraepelinian and Meyerian approaches, biopsychosocial model, Jasperian approach or Freudian psychoanalytic model. At the same time, the starting point for Jean Garrabé's views on psychiatric nosology refers to his consideration for the existence of different perspectives in the psychiatric landscape. The objective of this article is to highlight possible continuities between the Jean Garrabé's developments and contemporary nosological issues. We will start from one of his leitmotifs, i.e. "History can inform the construction of psychiatric classifications". In the first part, we present the diversity of perspectives in Philosophy of Psychiatry and in Philosophy of Science. In the second part, we will see how Jean Garrabé was able to discuss, in a more or less structured and explicit manner, three axes currently and widely studied in the proposals for contemporary models of psychiatry. In a first part, we analyze the integration of Jean Garrabé into the general debates of the philosophy of science and modelisation. We will thus develop three examples of modelisation, based on contemporary psychiatric classifications, to testify this integration. The first example corresponds to staging models, which consider that psychiatric disorders could be better understood as subgroups of evolving elements – rather than as fixed categories in time. Indeed, staging models allow a sub-classification of psychiatric disorders according to their dynamical progression. The second example concerns the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology project, which d scribes psychiatric disorders according to a continuum of quantitative variations, hierarchized in several dimensions. The third example concerns the Research Domain Criteria initiative, which targets some dimensions of mental functioning, i.e. areas of research from contemporary cognitive neurosciences allowing to organize psychiatric research on specific neuroscientific constructs. In a second part of this article, we analyze three axes developed both within the proposals of contemporary models and classifications and the Jean Garrabé's views, namely dynamics, hierarchy and dimensionality of psychiatric disorders. Jean Garrabé's conceptions seem marked by the footprint of pluralism and the three identified axes. The first axe concerns his interest for the temporal dynamics of psychopathological phenomena, evolving in time in a synchronic and diachronic manner. The second concerns his interest in the hierarchy of disorders and semiological elements, e.g. through validity or statistical analyzes. The third axe corresponds to the Jean Garrabé's interest for the dimensionality, which considers elements underlying psychiatric disorders, whether they are phenomenological or physiopathological. 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Full text: Available Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: Academic Search Complete Language: English Journal: Annales Medico Psychologiques Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: Academic Search Complete Language: English Journal: Annales Medico Psychologiques Year: 2022 Document Type: Article