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Antibody responses and correlates of protection in the general population after two doses of the ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines.
Wei, Jia; Pouwels, Koen B; Stoesser, Nicole; Matthews, Philippa C; Diamond, Ian; Studley, Ruth; Rourke, Emma; Cook, Duncan; Bell, John I; Newton, John N; Farrar, Jeremy; Howarth, Alison; Marsden, Brian D; Hoosdally, Sarah; Jones, E Yvonne; Stuart, David I; Crook, Derrick W; Peto, Tim E A; Walker, A Sarah; Eyre, David W.
  • Wei J; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Pouwels KB; Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Stoesser N; The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Matthews PC; Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Diamond I; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Studley R; The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Rourke E; The National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Cook D; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
  • Bell JI; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Newton JN; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
  • Farrar J; Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK.
  • Howarth A; Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK.
  • Marsden BD; Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK.
  • Hoosdally S; Office for National Statistics, Newport, UK.
  • Jones EY; Office of the Regius Professor of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Stuart DI; Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK.
  • Crook DW; Wellcome Trust, London, UK.
  • Peto TEA; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Walker AS; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
  • Eyre DW; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Nat Med ; 28(5): 1072-1082, 2022 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1684095
ABSTRACT
Antibody responses are an important part of immunity after Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, antibody trajectories and the associated duration of protection after a second vaccine dose remain unclear. In this study, we investigated anti-spike IgG antibody responses and correlates of protection after second doses of ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 vaccines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United Kingdom general population. In 222,493 individuals, we found significant boosting of anti-spike IgG by the second doses of both vaccines in all ages and using different dosing intervals, including the 3-week interval for BNT162b2. After second vaccination, BNT162b2 generated higher peak levels than ChAdOX1. Older individuals and males had lower peak levels with BNT162b2 but not ChAdOx1, whereas declines were similar across ages and sexes with ChAdOX1 or BNT162b2. Prior infection significantly increased antibody peak level and half-life with both vaccines. Anti-spike IgG levels were associated with protection from infection after vaccination and, to an even greater degree, after prior infection. At least 67% protection against infection was estimated to last for 2-3 months after two ChAdOx1 doses, for 5-8 months after two BNT162b2 doses in those without prior infection and for 1-2 years for those unvaccinated after natural infection. A third booster dose might be needed, prioritized to ChAdOx1 recipients and those more clinically vulnerable.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Nat Med Journal subject: Molecular Biology / Medicine Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41591-022-01721-6

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Nat Med Journal subject: Molecular Biology / Medicine Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41591-022-01721-6