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The B.1.427/1.429 (epsilon) SARS-CoV-2 variants are more virulent than ancestral B.1 (614G) in Syrian hamsters.
Carroll, Timothy; Fox, Douglas; van Doremalen, Neeltje; Ball, Erin; Morris, Mary Kate; Sotomayor-Gonzalez, Alicia; Servellita, Venice; Rustagi, Arjun; Yinda, Claude Kwe; Fritts, Linda; Port, Julia Rebecca; Ma, Zhong-Min; Holbrook, Myndi G; Schulz, Jonathan; Blish, Catherine A; Hanson, Carl; Chiu, Charles Y; Munster, Vincent; Stanley, Sarah; Miller, Christopher J.
  • Carroll T; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
  • Fox D; Center for Immunology and infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
  • van Doremalen N; University of California, Berkeley, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
  • Ball E; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America.
  • Morris MK; Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
  • Sotomayor-Gonzalez A; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America.
  • Servellita V; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
  • Rustagi A; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
  • Yinda CK; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
  • Fritts L; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America.
  • Port JR; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
  • Ma ZM; Center for Immunology and infectious Diseases, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
  • Holbrook MG; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America.
  • Schulz J; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America.
  • Blish CA; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America.
  • Hanson C; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America.
  • Chiu CY; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America.
  • Munster V; Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, United States of America.
  • Stanley S; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America.
  • Miller CJ; Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America.
PLoS Pathog ; 18(2): e1009914, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1686113
ABSTRACT
As novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, it is critical that their potential to cause severe disease and evade vaccine-induced immunity is rapidly assessed in humans and studied in animal models. In early January 2021, a novel SARS-CoV-2 variant designated B.1.429 comprising 2 lineages, B.1.427 and B.1.429, was originally detected in California (CA) and it was shown to have enhanced infectivity in vitro and decreased antibody neutralization by plasma from convalescent patients and vaccine recipients. Here we examine the virulence, transmissibility, and susceptibility to pre-existing immunity for B 1.427 and B 1.429 in the Syrian hamster model. We find that both variants exhibit enhanced virulence as measured by increased body weight loss compared to hamsters infected with ancestral B.1 (614G), with B.1.429 causing the most marked body weight loss among the 3 variants. Faster dissemination from airways to parenchyma and more severe lung pathology at both early and late stages were also observed with B.1.429 infections relative to B.1. (614G) and B.1.427 infections. In addition, subgenomic viral RNA (sgRNA) levels were highest in oral swabs of hamsters infected with B.1.429, however sgRNA levels in lungs were similar in all three variants. This demonstrates that B.1.429 replicates to higher levels than ancestral B.1 (614G) or B.1.427 in the oropharynx but not in the lungs. In multi-virus in-vivo competition experiments, we found that B.1. (614G), epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) and gamma (P.1) dramatically outcompete alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351) and zeta (P.2) in the lungs. In the nasal cavity, B.1. (614G), gamma, and epsilon dominate, but the highly infectious alpha variant also maintains a moderate size niche. We did not observe significant differences in airborne transmission efficiency among the B.1.427, B.1.429 and ancestral B.1 (614G) and WA-1 variants in hamsters. These results demonstrate enhanced virulence and high relative oropharyngeal replication of the epsilon (B.1.427/B.1.429) variant in Syrian hamsters compared to an ancestral B.1 (614G) variant.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Animals / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: PLoS Pathog Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.ppat.1009914

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Animals / Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: PLoS Pathog Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.ppat.1009914